Gastric adenocarcinoma is a malignant tumor of the stomach originating from the cells of the glandular epithelium. At the initial stages, it may not manifest itself in any way, and therefore early diagnosis is difficult. In the future, epigastric pain, lack of appetite, nausea, belching, weight loss, weakness, apathy occur and progress. To confirm the…
Vitamin deficiency is the complete absence of one or more vitamins in the human body. The disease develops with insufficient intake of nutrients from food, violations of the processes of splitting, absorption or transportation of substances, may be a consequence of congenital genetic diseases. Symptoms are determined by the type and severity of vitamin deficiency.…
Pulmonary echinococcosis is a form of anthropozoon infection caused by the larva of the echinococcal tapeworm and leading to a specific cystic lesion of the lung tissue. Manifestations of pulmonary echinococcosis can be chest pain, shortness of breath, persistent cough, urticaria rash and itching; with a complicated course – copious sputum with an admixture of…
Eosinophilic pneumonia is an allergic inflammatory lesion of the lung tissue, accompanied by the formation of unstable migrating infiltrates of eosinophilic nature and the development of hypereosinophilia. The disease usually proceeds with malaise, subfebrility, a small dry cough, sometimes with scanty sputum; in acute form – with chest pain, myalgia, the development of acute respiratory…
Emphysema is a chronic nonspecific lung disease, which is based on persistent, irreversible expansion of the air spaces and increased swelling of the lung tissue distal to the terminal bronchioles. Disease is manifested by expiratory dyspnea, cough with a small amount of mucosal sputum, signs of respiratory failure, recurrent spontaneous pneumothorax. Diagnosis of this pathology…
Pleural empyema is an inflammation of the pleural leaflets, accompanied by the formation of purulent exudate in the pleural cavity. Disease occurs with chills, persistently high or hectic temperature, profuse sweating, tachycardia, shortness of breath, weakness. Diagnosis is carried out on the basis of X-ray data, ultrasound of the pleural cavity, the results of thoracocentesis,…
Chronic bronchitis is a diffuse progressive inflammatory process in the bronchi, leading to morphological restructuring of the bronchial wall and peribronchial tissue. Exacerbations occur several times a year and occur with increased cough, purulent sputum, shortness of breath, bronchial obstruction, subfebrility. Examination includes lung radiography, bronchoscopy, microscopic and bacteriological analysis of sputum, FVD, etc. In…
Chronic pneumonia is a local nonspecific inflammation of the lung tissue, the morphological signs of which are carnification, pneumosclerosis and deforming bronchitis. It is the outcome of acute pneumonia that has not fully resolved. Clinically manifested by periodic relapses of the inflammatory process (fever, sweating, weakness, cough with mucopurulent sputum). Chronic pneumonia is diagnosed taking…
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a progressive disease characterized by an inflammatory component, a violation of bronchial patency at the level of the distal bronchi and structural changes in lung tissue and blood vessels. The main clinical signs are cough with the release of mucopurulent sputum, shortness of breath, discoloration of the skin (cyanosis or…
Chronic respiratory failure is a secondary syndrome that occurs when the respiratory system is unable to maintain gas homeostasis, which leads to a decrease in RaO2 and an increase in RaSO2 in arterial blood. It develops over a number of years; it is manifested by signs of dyspnea (shortness of breath), hypoxemia and hypercapnia (cyanosis,…