Spastic diplegia (Little’s disease) is the most common variant of cerebral palsy, characterized by spastic tetraparesis, more pronounced in the lower extremities. Along with motor disorders, there is a dysfunction of the cranial nerves (strabismus, pseudobulbar syndrome, hearing loss, facial paresis), speech disorders, in some cases – mild mental retardation. Diagnosis is carried out using…
Spastic hemiplegia is a form of cerebral palsy (cerebral palsy), in which there is a lesion of half of the body. The condition is manifested by paralysis of the arm and leg on the one hand, severe cognitive impairment, pathological motor stereotype. Less often, the injuries are bilateral, and hemiplegia is double. The disease is…
Concussion is a mild closed craniocerebral injury caused by a concussion inside the skull and leading to short—term functional abnormalities in the work of the central nervous system. Symptoms of concussion are: short-term loss of consciousness, congrade and retrograde amnesia, headache, nausea, vasomotor disorders, dizziness, anisoreflexia, nystagmus. In the diagnosis, an important place is occupied by…
Vascular parkinsonism is a decrease in the number, amplitude and speed of voluntary movements against the background of muscle rigidity, etiopathogenetically associated with the presence of cerebrovascular pathology. It is clinically manifested by slowness, shuffling gait, postural instability, hypomimia of the face, a tendency to depression. The vascular genesis of the disease is established on…
Vascular myelopathy is a chronic or acutely developing softening of the spinal cord tissues resulting from a violation of its circulation. It is manifested by motor and sensory disorders corresponding to the level of spinal lesion, the nature of which is determined by the topography of the softening zone. Vascular myelopathy is established according to…
Sleep paralysis is a violation of the process of waking up or falling asleep, characterized by total muscular atony against the background of waking consciousness. In most patients, it develops at the moment of awakening, accompanied by a temporary impossibility of voluntary movements, a feeling of fear, threatening hallucinations. It is diagnosed clinically. Additionally, a…
Somnambulism, or sleepwalking, is a special condition of the nervous system in which a sleeping person disinhibits the motor centers in the absence of control over them by consciousness. It is manifested by automated actions performed by a person in a dream. During the episode of sleepwalking, the patient gets out of bed and begins…
Mixed stuttering is a disorder of smooth speech caused by the presence of tonic and clonic convulsions of articulatory muscles, developing against the background of residual phenomena of central nervous system damage and accompanied by neurotic layers. At first it proceeds as an organic stuttering, later due to the addition of neurotic disorders it acquires…
Syphilitic meningitis is an inflammation of the meninges that occurs as a result of infection of the body with pale treponema. The disease can develop at any stage of syphilis. Inflammation occurs in an asymptomatic, acute or chronic form, manifested by headaches, symptoms of irritation of the meninges, signs of damage to the cranial nerves.…
Syringomyelia is a chronic disease of the central nervous system, in which cavities form in the substance of the spinal cord, and sometimes in the medulla oblongata. True syringomyelia is associated with glial tissue pathology, in other cases, the disease is a consequence of abnormalities of the cranio-vertebral junction. The use of MRI of the spine…