Ciliary ganglion is an inflammatory lesion of the ciliary vegetative ganglion, the leading manifestation of which is ocular vegetative pain, accompanied by lacrimation, conjunctival hyperemia, serous rhinitis and photophobia. The disease can be complicated by the development of keratitis, iridocyclitis, conjunctivitis. The typical clinic and soreness of the trigger points of the orbit allows diagnosing ciliary…
Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome is a rare chronic disease of an unexplained nature, accompanied by the appearance of orofacial edema, facial nerve neuropathy, folded tongue. Along with the classical triad of signs, low-symptom forms are often found. Pathology is prone to relapses, is associated with other systemic diseases. The basis of the diagnosis is clinical data and…
Moebius syndrome is a congenital combined underdevelopment of the nuclei of the V, VI, IX, XII pairs of cranial nerves, which is mainly bilateral in nature. It is manifested from birth by the absence of facial expressions, incomplete closing of the eyes, violation of sucking, swallowing, articulation. In most cases, it is combined with anomalies…
Ataxia telangiectasia is a hereditary disease manifested by cerebellar ataxia, telangiectasia of the skin and conjunctiva of the eyes, insufficiency of the T-cell link of immunity. The latter leads to the fact that disease is accompanied by frequent respiratory infections and a tendency to the appearance of malignant tumors. Pathology is diagnosed on the basis of…
Ladder muscle syndrome is a combination of neurogenic and vascular disorders that occur during compression of vessels and nerves passing between the ladder muscles. The clinical picture is represented by cervicalgia, brachyalgia, symptoms of arterial insufficiency or venous congestion, trophic disorders in the upper limb. The diagnosis is established on the basis of examination, neurological status…
Lennox-Gastaut syndrome is a separate form of childhood epilepsy characterized by the presence of polymorphic paroxysms (myoclonic, atonic, tonic and absences) and delayed neuro-mental development. It may have a cryptogenic character or act as a syndrome of other pathological conditions (cerebral anomalies, genetic metabolic diseases, perinatal pathology). Lennox-Gastaut syndrome is diagnosed by the typical variable…
Landau-Kleffner syndrome is a combination of progressive loss of speech skill with epileptiform changes in the electroencephalogram, clinically manifested in the form of epiprimes in only 70% of patients. The Landau-Kleffner syndrome is diagnosed on the basis of clinical data and the detection of prolonged epileptiform activity on the EEG, provided that organic brain pathology…
Lambert-Eaton syndrome is an autoimmune disease caused by damage to the presynaptic membrane of the motor nerve endings and associated with malignant neoplasia and autoimmune pathology. The main manifestation of the syndrome is excessive fatigue and a decrease in muscle strength, expressed mainly in the upper legs. The diagnosis is based on neurological examination and…
Cramp fasciculation syndrome is short–term involuntary painful contractions of muscles or muscle groups. Clinically, they are mainly manifested by cramps of the calf muscles lasting from several seconds to minutes, occurring at night. Diagnosis is made on the basis of clinical data, results of electromyography, auxiliary laboratory and instrumental tests, differentiation with other nosologies. Muscle relaxants,…
Cauda equina syndrome is a clinical symptom complex that occurs when a bundle of nerve trunks of the terminal spinal cord is affected. The main symptoms are weakness in the lower extremities, sensory disorders in the area of innervation of the affected nerves, pelvic dysfunction by the type of delay. It is diagnosed according to…