Gayet-Wernicke encephalopathy is an acute encephalopathy caused by a deficiency of vitamin B1, which is necessary for adequate metabolism of cerebral cells. Gayet-Wernicke encephalopathy is characterized by three clinical syndromes: mixed ataxia, oculomotor function disorder and violation of the integrative function of the central nervous system. Verification of the diagnosis is achieved by studying the…
West syndrome is serial spastic contractions in individual muscle groups or of a generalized nature, occurring against the background of delayed neuropsychic development and accompanied by a hypsarrhythmic EEG pattern. Manifests at the age of up to 4 years, mainly at the 1st year of life. In most cases, it has a symptomatic character. Diagnosis…
Crocodile tears syndrome is a pathology based on the development of which is the germination of the fibers of the facial or excretory nerves into the lacrimal and salivary glands. The main manifestations of the disease are increased lacrimation during meals, which can be combined with hypersalivation, photophobia, irritation of the skin of the face.…
Restless legs syndrome – uncomfortable sensations in the legs that occur mainly at night, provoking the patient to wake up and often leading to chronic insomnia. In most patients, it is accompanied by episodes of involuntary motor activity. Restless legs syndrome is diagnosed based on the clinical picture, neurological examination, polysomnography, ENMG data and examinations aimed…
Alice in Wonderland syndrome is a complex of disorienting neurological symptoms characterized by impaired perception of body size and position, movement coordination disorder. Patients feel the body or its individual parts as larger, smaller, elongated, doubled. Sometimes the perception of time and space is distorted. Diagnosis includes examination by a neurologist, clinical conversation with a…
Alien hand syndrome is a violation of the ability to perform controlled actions in combination with uncontrolled movements of the upper limb. It is accompanied by uncontrolled, often purposeful motor activity of the hand, its forced position, sensitivity disorders. Diagnosis is based on the patient’s complaints, anamnestic data and the results of a physical examination.…
Stiff-person syndrome is a rare neurological disease of unknown origin, manifested by constant tonic muscle tension (rigidity) and individual painful spasms that limit the patient’s mobility. Disease is diagnosed according to the typical clinical picture and electrophysiological studies, with the exception of other pathology that can cause rigidity. Treatment is symptomatic. Benzodiazepines and baclofen are traditionally…
Aseptic meningitis is an inflammation of the soft meninges of a serous nature, the cause of which may be viruses (most often), bacteria, fungi, systemic diseases, tumors, cerebral cysts. In most cases, the disease proceeds acutely with febrility, headache, meningeal symptom complex, sometimes with damage to the cranial nerves. Diagnosis is based on epidemiological data,…
Sensitive ataxia is a disorder of sensory perception of pressure, vibration and body position in space, leading to discoordination and motor disorders. It is manifested by a disorder of gait and coordination, hypotension of skeletal muscles, pseudoathetosis of the distal extremities. Sensitive ataxia is diagnosed based on neurological status. To identify its etiology, a biochemical…
Senile chorea is a variant of choreic hyperkinesis, characterized by a debut in people over 60 years of age, slow progression, lack of association of the disease with infectious, cerebrovascular, tumor, etc. factors, intellectual—mnestic and mental safety of patients. Hyperkinesis may be focal in nature and affect only the perioral region. Diagnosis is carried out…