Compression of the brain is an acute or chronic compression of brain tissues that develops as a result of traumatic brain injury, the presence of a volume formation in the cranial cavity, hydrocephalus or cerebral edema. In a narrow sense, brain compression is understood as a form of severe TBI. Clinically, compression of the brain…
Retrograde amnesia is the loss of memory for events that preceded an injury or illness that caused a violation of mental function. Pathology occurs with TBI, strokes, metabolic encephalopathies and toxic brain lesions. Memory impairment is accompanied by disorientation of the patient, emotional arousal, illogical actions. To diagnose the causes of retrograde amnesia, CT and…
Spina bifida is a malformation of the vertebral column, consisting in the underdevelopment of the arches and /or bodies of one or more vertebrae with the formation of a defect in the wall of the spinal canal, through which the membranes and tissues of the spinal cord can prolapse with the formation of a congenital…
Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis is an acute autoimmune inflammatory process that diffusely affects various parts of the central and peripheral nervous system and leads to reversible demyelination. Clinically disseminated encephalomyelitis is characterized by rapidly increasing variable polymorphic neurological symptoms (sensory and motor disorders, dysfunction of the CN and pelvic organs, impaired consciousness and speech). The basis…
Multiple sclerosis is a neurological pathology with a progressive course caused by the demyelination of the pathways with the subsequent formation of sclerotic plaques in the foci of myelin destruction. Among the symptoms of multiple sclerosis, motor disorders, sensitivity disorders, optic neuritis, pelvic organ dysfunction, neuropsychic changes predominate. The diagnosis is confirmed by MRI of…
Sciatica – lesions of the spinal cord roots that cause motor, vegetative and pain disorders. Sciatica is manifested by an intense pain syndrome, a decrease in muscle strength, reflexes and sensitivity in the area innervated by the affected spinal nerve. Diagnosis of sciatica is carried out using radiography, CT and MRI of the spine, according…
Radiation damage to the nervous system is a group of pathologies of the central nervous system caused by exposure to various forms of ionizing radiation. Symptoms largely depend on the absorbed dose and the volume of irradiated tissues. Asthenovegetative, meningeal and intoxication syndromes, focal symptoms, motor and sensory disorders, and their combinations may prevail in…
Occupational neuroses are selective disorders of a separate type of highly coordinated actions, repeatedly and stereotypically repeated in the course of professional activity. They are characterized by weakness, spasm, tremor or pain syndrome that occurs when a certain movement is performed during work. Occupational neuroses are diagnosed on the basis of neurological examination, ENMG, after…
Intervertebral disc protrusion is a partial exit of the disc tissues beyond the space between the vertebrae, the first stage of the development of a vertebral hernia. Protrusion may occur latently. Clinically manifested by radiating pain in the affected segment, initial sensitivity disorders. It is diagnosed according to anamnesis, examination, radiography, MRI/CT, electroneurography. Treatment includes…
Migraine without aura is the most common type of migraine paroxysms, the distinctive feature of which is the absence of aura and any transient neurological disorders. Disease is characterized by attacks of intense headache, more often unilateral, accompanied by nausea, repeated vomiting, sound and photophobia. Diagnosis is based on clinical criteria. It is necessary to…