Prosopagnosia is the loss of the ability to recognize familiar faces. Patients do not recognize their relatives, friends, their own reflection in the mirror and photo image, do not identify the gender, age of the person. Visual functions, memory, intelligence, subject gnosis often remain intact. Diagnosis is carried out using neuropsychological tests, ophthalmological studies, neuroimaging…
Progressive supranuclear palsy is a degenerative cerebral disease with a predominant lesion of the midbrain, nuclear-cortical pathways, subcortical formations. The components of the clinical picture are akinetic-rigid form of parkinsonism, ataxia, ophthalmoplegia, cognitive decline, pseudobulbar syndrome. Diagnosis is carried out according to clinical data, the results of cerebral MRI and cerebrovascular studies. In therapy, the…
Progressive rubella panencephalitis is a rare slow viral infection of the central nervous system caused by the rubella virus. Manifests in the period from 8 to 19 years. It is manifested by progressive mental decline, cerebellar syndrome, spastic tetraparesis, visual impairment, epileptic paroxysms. It is diagnosed on the basis of anamnestic and clinical data, the…
Progressive bulbar palsy is a gradually developing dysfunction of the bulbar group of caudal cranial nerves caused by damage to their nuclei and/or roots. A triad of symptoms is characteristic: dysphagia, dysarthria, dysphonia. The diagnosis is established based on the examination of the patient. Additional examinations (analysis of cerebrospinal fluid, CT, MRI) are carried out…
Duchenne muscular dystrophy is an inherited pathology of the muscular system linked to the X chromosome, manifested in the first 3-5 years of life and characterized by rapidly spreading and worsening muscle weakness. Initially, the muscles of the pelvic girdle and thighs are affected, then the shoulders and back, gradually immobility occurs. Myodystrophy is accompanied…
Emery Dreifuss muscular dystrophy is a hereditary muscular myodystrophy characterized by slow progression, early development of elbow contractures, retractions of the neck muscles and Achilles tendons, concomitant cardiac conduction disorders. The disease can be inherited, both linked to the X chromosome, and autosomal. Muscle weakness and hypotrophy are manifested mainly in the muscles of the…
Becker muscular dystrophy is a variant of hereditary X-linked myodystrophy, characterized by a more delayed and benign course. The disease is characterized by gradually worsening and spreading muscle weakness, hypotension and atrophy, initially occurring in the muscles of the hips and pelvic girdle. Diagnostic search includes neurological examination, consultation of a geneticist and cardiologist, neurophysiological…
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy is a rare demyelinating disease caused by reactivation of the JC virus in the body of most people. Pathology occurs against the background of suppression of immunity in patients with AIDS, hemoblastosis, hereditary immunodeficiency, in patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy. Diagnosis is based on clinical data, results of brain tomography, PCR examination of…
Progressive facial hemiatrophy is a gradually worsening reduction in the size of half of the face, leading to its pronounced asymmetry. These changes are based on progressive atrophy of the skin, soft tissues and bones of the face. The disease leads to the formation of a gross aesthetic defect. Diagnosis is based on clinical data.…
Bell’s disease is a late form of syphilis, occurring in the form of a progressive inflammatory-dystrophic total lesion of cerebral structures. It differs in the stages of development, at first there are symptoms of pseudoneurasthenia, then mental abnormalities against the background of intellectual decline, at the final stage – severe dementia. Diagnosis is carried out…