Tracheobronchitis is a diffuse inflammatory process that covers the lower airways – the trachea and bronchi. The duration and features of the course of tracheobronchitis are closely related to its form; symptoms usually include cough (dry or productive), soreness and chest pain, temperature reaction, malaise, wheezing, shortness of breath. The assessment of auscultative data, the…
Tracheal bronchus is a congenital anomaly of the structure of the tracheobronchial tree, in which the additional, lobar or segmental bronchus departs from the trachea above the place of its bifurcation or the main bronchus. It proceeds asymptomatically or according to the type of chronic, often recurrent inflammatory process in the lung, manifested by episodes…
Toxic pulmonary edema is an acute inhalation lesion of the lungs caused by inhalation of chemicals with pulmonotoxicity. The clinical picture unfolds step by step; there is suffocation, cough, foamy sputum, chest pain, shortness of breath, sharp weakness, collapse. Respiratory and cardiac arrest may occur. In a favorable scenario, toxic pulmonary edema undergoes a reverse…
Talcosis is pneumofibrosis caused by inhalation of talc dust into the respiratory tract, less often by intravenous administration of talc. Clinically manifested by persistent dry cough, increasing shortness of breath, stabbing pains in the chest. Talcosis is diagnosed using radiography and CT of the lungs, spirometry, and a trans-bronchial biopsy. Bronchodilators, steroids, vitamins, cardiac glycosides…
Dry pleurisy is a reactive inflammation of the parietal and visceral pleura with the loss of fibrin on its surface. Symptoms of disease are characterized by chest pains that increase with breathing, dry cough, subfebrility, malaise. Diagnostic criteria are clinical and auscultative data (pleural friction noise), radiological signs, pleural ultrasound. The main treatment is aimed…
Streptococcal pneumonia is an infectious inflammation of lung tissue that develops with the participation of pathogenic bacteria of the genus Streptococcus. The disease affects children more often, mainly occurs as a complication of other respiratory infections. Streptococcal pneumonia occurs with fever, cough, shortness of breath, chest pain; it is often complicated by purulent pleurisy, pericarditis,…
Staphylococcal pneumonia is an acute inflammation of the lung tissue caused by the pyogenic microbe Staphylococcus aureus, occurring with a high risk of destructive complications. The clinic of the disease is characterized by severe intoxication, febrility, recurrent chills, severe shortness of breath, cough, sometimes with purulent sputum. The diagnosis of staphylococcal pneumonia is based on…
Spontaneous pneumothorax is a pathological condition characterized by a sudden violation of the integrity of the visceral pleura and the flow of air from the lung tissue into the pleural cavity. The development of this pathology is accompanied by acute chest pain, shortness of breath, tachycardia, pallor of the skin, acrocyanosis, subcutaneous emphysema, the patient’s…
Middle lobe syndrome is a variety of pathological processes that lead to stenosis of the middle lobe of the bronchus and secondary changes in the lung tissue of the middle lobe of the right lung. Pathology may be asymptomatic or accompanied by subfebrility, cough with a small amount of sputum, hemoptysis, chest pain on the…
Sleep apnea is a sleep disorder accompanied by episodes of stopping rhinoceros breathing lasting at least 10 seconds. With sleep apnea, from 5 to 60 or more short-term stops of breathing can be recorded. There is also snoring, restless night sleep, daytime drowsiness, decreased performance. The presence of sleep apnea is detected during polysomnography, and…