Cryptococcal meningitis is an inflammatory lesion of the meninges with cryptococcus. Clinically manifested by symptoms of meningitis, hydrocephalus. When the process spreads to the cerebral tissue, focal disorders are added. Diagnosis is carried out according to the results of lumbar puncture, cerebral CT, MRI, microbiological and serological analyses, immunograms. Therapy is carried out with antimycotic…
Crises in myasthenia gravis are states of acute decompensation of pathology in the form of a paroxysmal violation of vital functions. A sharp increase in muscle weakness is accompanied by respiratory depression, bulbar, cardiovascular disorders. Most often, crises combine signs of myasthenic and cholinergic variants, which gives them a more severe course. The diagnosis uses…
Craniopharyngioma is a benign cystic–epithelial neoplasm localized in the area of the Turkish saddle, which develops from the remnants of the epithelium of the Ratke pocket. As the tumor progresses and grows, the patient experiences an increase in intracranial pressure, visual impairment, lag in physical and mental development, hypofunction of the adenohypophysis. The most informative…
Craniospinal tumors are neoplasms that grow through the large occipital foramen and are located simultaneously in the caudal parts of the brain and the upper spinal segments. Clinically manifested by a disorder of cerebrospinal fluid circulation, focal symptoms of damage to the structures of the posterior cranial fossa and spinal symptoms. Craniospinal tumors are diagnosed…
Craniovertebral anomalies are deviations in the anatomical interposition and structure of the structures of the area of contact of the skull and spine. Often they do not have clinical manifestations. In clinically significant cases, symptoms of intracranial hypertension, lesions of the vertebral artery, compression of the spine, spinal cord or trunk manifest; respiratory disorders are…
Corticobasal degeneration is a separate clinical form of a selective degenerative process with a predominant lesion of the frontal-parietal cortex and subcortical ganglia. Clinical manifestations of the pathology are polymorphic, including parkinsonism, praxis disorder, tremor, myoclonia, focal dystonia, speech disorders. Corticobasal degeneration is diagnosed according to the results of neurological examination, neuropsychological testing, PET and…
Radiculopathy is a symptom complex formed as a result of lesions of the spinal root of various etiologies and manifested by symptoms of irritation (pain, muscle tension, antalgic posture, paresthesia) and prolapse (paresis, decreased sensitivity, muscular hypotrophy, hyporeflexia, trophic disorders). Disease is diagnosed clinically, its cause is determined by the results of radiography, CT or…
Concentric sclerosis of Balo is an acute specific form of multiple sclerosis, characterized by a multi—layered concentric structure of demyelinated areas of the brain. Clinical manifestations are similar to multiple sclerosis, but have a rapidly and steadily progressive course with a fatal outcome. It is diagnosed when specific foci with the structure of annual tree…
Compression myelopathy is a severe complication of diseases of the nervous system, which is based on compression of the spinal cord by various formations: bone fragments of vertebrae in trauma, herniated disc, tumor, hematoma. The main symptoms of myelopathy are loss of motor and sensory function below the lesion site. In addition, there is a…
Coma is a life–threatening condition of impaired consciousness caused by damage to special structures of the brain and characterized by a complete lack of contact of the patient with the outside world. The causes of its occurrence can be divided into metabolic (poisoning by metabolic products or chemical compounds) and organic (in which the destruction…
