Colloid cyst of the third ventricle is a round–shaped neoplasm that is located in the cavity of the III ventricle of the brain. It is not a cancerous tumor, does not metastasize, but is capable of growth. The danger for the patient lies in the blocking of the circulation paths of the cerebrospinal fluid with the…
Kozhevnikov epilepsy is a separate clinical form of epilepsy characterized by the occurrence of simple partial seizures against the background of permanent local clonic seizures (myoclonia). It is most often found in tick-borne encephalitis. In the clinical picture, in addition to convulsive syndrome, hemiparesis and emotional and mental disorders are observed. Diagnostic search is carried…
Tick-borne encephalitis is an infectious disease based on damage to the brain and spinal cord by a flavivirus transmitted to humans by the bites of ixodic ticks. Depending on the form of the disease, its manifestations are fever, headache, convulsions, vomiting, impaired coordination of movements, pain along the nerves, sluggish paresis and paralysis. The diagnosis…
Cluster headache is a primary unilateral cephalgia accompanied by periodic recurrent attacks in the periorbital region and combined with ipsilateral disorders of the autonomic nervous system. Diagnosis is based on clinical symptoms, anamnesis data, differentiation with other hemicranias. Treatment is represented by drugs from the groups of triptans, anticonvulsants and calcium channel blockers, glucocorticosteroids, topical…
Cerebral cyst is a voluminous intracranial formation, which is a cavity filled with fluid. It often has a latent subclinical course without an increase in size. It is manifested mainly by symptoms of intracranial hypertension and epileptic paroxysms. Focal symptoms are possible, corresponding to the location of the cyst. It is diagnosed according to the results…
Kinking of the carotid artery is an inflection of a limited area of the internal carotid vessel caused by its stretching. Clinical manifestations correspond to the symptoms of vascular encephalopathy, include cephalgia, noise in the head, emotional swings, dizziness. Possible episodes of cerebral ischemia, stroke. Diagnosis is carried out using Dopplerography, CT, MRI, angiography, and…
Causalgia is an intense burning pain accompanied by local vasomotor, trophic, and motor disorders. Occurs when peripheral nerves of various etiologies are affected. Occurs with sensory disorders: hyperesthesia, hyperpathy, allodynia. It is diagnosed according to compliance with clinical criteria when the nerve trunk lesion is detected according to the results of ENMG and other possible…
Cataplexy is a neurological syndrome characterized by a sudden loss of muscle tone when experiencing strong emotions. The attack occurs against the background of laughter, anger or fear. Focal muscle weakness is accompanied by the loss of functions of a body part (arms, legs, neck), complete – the fall of a person and short-term immobility.…
Carcinomatous meningitis is a lesion of the meninges by metastases of a cancerous tumor. It occurs during the dissemination of tumor cells, has a small focal diffuse character. It is clinically manifested by symptoms of meningitis with cranial nerve dysfunction, a disorder of consciousness. Carcinomatous meningitis is diagnosed based on the results of analysis of…
Carotid cavernous fistula is a pathological communication between the cavernous part of the internal carotid artery and the cavity of the cavernous sinus. The disease develops as a consequence of a skull injury or spontaneously against the background of existing structural and functional changes in the walls of blood vessels. Pathology is manifested by pulsating…