Glioblastoma is a malignant glial neoplasm of the brain that develops mainly in its white matter. Clinical signs include increased intracranial pressure, convulsive syndrome, variable focal symptoms in the form of paresis, visual and cognitive disorders, speech disorders. Diagnosis is carried out on the basis of neurological examination data, neuroimaging results and histological examination of…
Pituitaritis is an inflammatory lesion of the pituitary gland, often having an autoimmune character. Among the clinical manifestations, cephalgia, visual impairment, and symptoms of hypopituitarism come to the fore. Diagnostics includes a study of hormone levels, an antibody test, an ophthalmological examination, a cerebral MRI, and, if possible, a histology of a biopsy sample. Conservative…
Hypnic headache is a separate form of primary chronic cephalgia that occurs during sleep in patients aged 50 years and older. A distinctive feature of the disease is the absence of similar attacks in the waking state. This variant of cephalgia is diagnosed taking into account clinical features after the exclusion of organic brain damage…
Hypertensive encephalopathy is a chronic progressive lesion of brain tissues caused by disorders of cerebral hemodynamics in patients with long—term, poorly controlled arterial hypertension. It is clinically manifested by symptoms of dyscirculatory encephalopathy. Hypertensive encephalopathy is diagnosed by comparing the data of a neurological examination, the conclusion of a cardiologist and a psychiatrist, the results…
Hypertensive cerebral crisis is a sudden increase in blood pressure to critical figures, leading to a violation of cerebral circulation. Depending on the type of hypertensive cerebral crisis, its clinical manifestations may be headache and other symptoms of increased intracranial pressure, mental abnormalities accompanied by focal symptoms or a combination of these symptoms. Disease is…
Hypersomnia is a significant increase in sleep duration, usually accompanied by daytime sleepiness. The main signs are: the duration of a night’s sleep of more than 10 hours, constant or paroxysmal daytime sleepiness, lack of significant improvement after daytime sleep, difficulty and prolonged waking up, often with the presence of a symptom of “sleep intoxication”.…
Researchers at the Mayo Clinic have found that artificial intelligence-based diagnostics help detect atrial fibrillation. To do this, the machine must be given to analyze the electrocardiogram data. There are a huge number of people in the world who do not know about the presence of atrial fibrillation, which threatens the risk of stroke. That…
Hyperkinesis is excessive violent motor acts that occur against the will of the patient. They include a variety of clinical forms: tics, myoclonia, chorea, ballism, tremor, torsion dystonia, facial para- and hemispasm, akathisia, athetosis. Clinically diagnosed, additionally prescribed EEG, ENMG, MRI, CT, duplex scanning, cerebral vascular ultrasound, blood test. Conservative therapy requires an individual selection…
Hyperventilation syndrome is a neuropsychiatric pathology that leads to the formation of a pathological respiratory rhythm that increases pulmonary ventilation with the development of alkalosis. It is accompanied by variable vegetative, algic, musculotonic, respiratory, mental disorders. It is diagnosed by testing, hyperventilation test and blood electrolyte analysis. Treatment consists of a combination of non-drug (psychotherapy,…
Hydrocephalus is an increased accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the cerebrospinal fluid system of the brain. Disease accompanies many congenital and acquired neurological diseases. Clinically, it is manifested by signs of increased intracranial pressure (headache, nausea, pressure on the eyes), symptoms of compression of brain structures (vestibular ataxia, visual disturbances, mental disorders, epi-attacks) and symptoms…
