Vestibular migraine is a form of migraine in which the symptoms of dizziness come to the fore, not headaches. It develops as a result of complex neurophysiological mechanisms provoked by psychological, physiological or exogenous triggers. The disease proceeds in the form of attacks lasting up to 72 hours, including prodrome, aura with intense dizziness, severe…
Vestibular ataxia is a violation of the coordination of movements and the ability to maintain a pose associated with damage to the vestibular apparatus at any level. Vestibular ataxia is manifested by shakiness in standing and sitting positions, as well as when walking. It is accompanied by systemic dizziness and nystagmus; nausea and vomiting, vegetative…
Tiny particles of plastic penetrate into the cells of the lungs and liver, disrupting their metabolism. Scientists from the Middle Kingdom came to such a sad conclusion. Scientists from China and Hong Kong have published the results of a study that proved another insidious ability of microplastics. These tiny particles of plastic, less than 5…
Vertebrobasilar insufficiency is a reversible violation of cerebral function caused by a decrease in blood circulation in the vertebral system and the main arteries. Pathology combines various neurological disorders: vestibulo-atactic syndrome, sensorimotor deficits, impaired function of the auditory and visual analyzers in combination with disorders of the cognitive-emotional sphere. Diagnosis is carried out on the…
Ventriculitis (ependymitis) is an inflammation of the cerebral ventricle, a formidable complication of penetrating craniocerebral injuries, intracranial surgical interventions and infectious processes. Clinically manifested by febrile fever, headache, vomiting, tachycardia, convulsions, depression of consciousness to a coma. It is diagnosed using computed tomography, lumbar puncture, cerebrospinal fluid analysis. Conservative therapy is carried out with antibiotics,…
Vegetative state is a separate type of disturbance of consciousness, characterized by the preservation of the functions of the hypothalamus and brain stem with gross dysfunction of the cerebral hemispheres. It is a way out of a deep coma. There are no signs of mindfulness, intervals of wakefulness, opening/closing of the eyes, preservation of unconditional…
Vasovagal syncope is episodes of short–term loss of consciousness caused by reflex vasodilation and slowing of the heart rate as a result of increased excitability of the vagus nerve. Syncope is usually preceded by prodromal signs (dizziness, rapid heartbeat, pallor), weakness is present during the recovery period. Fainting is accompanied by falls, prone to relapse. Diagnostic…
Kennedy disease is an adult form of spinal muscular atrophy, the distinctive feature of which is a slow and relatively favorable course. It is manifested by a combination of sluggish paresis of the proximal muscle groups of the extremities, bulbar syndrome and endocrine disorders. Diagnostic search is carried out using electroneuromyography, muscle biopsy studies, genealogical analysis,…
Hereditary spastic paraplegia is a degenerative hereditary myelopathy with bilateral lesion of the lateral and anterior spinal columns mainly at the lumbar level. The basic clinical symptom is central paraparesis of the lower extremities. Typical symptoms, the presence of a family history, ENMG data, studies of evoked potentials, MRI and genetic analyses allow to diagnose…
Fahr’s disease is idiopathic symmetrical calcification of cerebral structures: subcortical ganglia, cerebral cortex, cerebellum. It can be asymptomatic, clinically manifested by extrapyramidal disorders (hyperkinesis, parkinsonism), cerebellar disorders, intellectual decline. It is diagnosed according to cerebral CT with the exclusion of the secondary nature of calcified foci according to the results of biochemical, ultrasound, PCR studies.…