Basilar impression is an acquired or congenital indentation into the skull of the occipital bone in the area of the craniovertebral junction. The decrease in the volume of the cranium and cranial (towards the skull) displacement of the spine that occur during basilar impression are the cause of the development of hydrocephalus, cerebellar disorders, disorders…
Atypical facial pain is a chronic pain in the face that does not meet the criteria of other cranial neuralgias, is not associated with somatic pathologies. According to modern diagnostic criteria, atypical pain should be observed daily for at least two hours a day for three months or longer. The diagnostic program involves consultation with…
Athetosis is a separate form of subcortical hyperkinesis characterized by involuntary slow movements in the distal extremities with a change in muscle tone. It can be an integral part of the clinic of perinatal, hypoxic, hereditary-degenerative brain lesions. Athetosis is diagnosed clinically, the underlying disease is clarified on the basis of a study of the…
Cerebral atherosclerosis is the process of formation of atherosclerotic plaques inside the cerebral vessels, resulting in disorders of the cerebral blood supply. It may have a subclinical course or manifest itself as dyscirculatory encephalopathy, TIA, stroke. The diagnosis uses REG, ultrasound, duplex scanning or MRI of cerebral vessels, as well as electroencephalography, CT and brain…
Friedreich’s ataxia is a genetic disease associated with impaired transport of iron from mitochondria and occurs with a predominant lesion of cells of the central and peripheral nervous system, cardiomyocytes, beta cells of the pancreas, bone tissue cells and retina. Friedreich’s ataxia is diagnosed using MRI of the brain and spinal cord, neurophysiological studies, and…
Ataxic cerebral palsy is a type of cerebral palsy that occurs when the cerebellum or the frontal-bridge-cerebellar pathway is affected. The risk of developing pathology increases with prematurity, the action of teratogenic factors, birth trauma. The atactic form of paralysis is manifested by muscular hypotension, ataxia, cerebellar dysarthria, as well as intellectual disabilities of varying…
Chinese scientists from Shandong University have come to the paradoxical conclusion that a short sleep duration is a protective factor against senile dementia. Besides, people need to go to bed later. A new study has shown that older people who prefer to go to bed early and sleep longer are more likely to experience senile…
Ataxia is a disorder of coordination of movements; a very common violation of motor skills. The strength in the limbs is slightly reduced or completely preserved. Movements become inaccurate, awkward, their continuity and sequence are upset, the balance in the standing and walking position is disturbed. Static ataxia is a violation of balance in a…
Astrocytoma is a primary intracerebral neuroepithelial (glial) tumor originating from stellate cells (astrocytes). Disease can have different degrees of malignancy. Its manifestations depend on the localization and are divided into general (weakness, loss of appetite, headaches) and focal (hemiparesis, hemihypesthesia, coordination disorders, hallucinations, speech disorders, behavior changes). Astrocytoma is diagnosed on the basis of clinical data,…
Asthenia (asthenic syndrome) is a gradually developing psychopathological disorder that accompanies many diseases of the body. Asthenia is manifested by fatigue, decreased mental and physical performance, sleep disorders, increased irritability or vice versa, lethargy, emotional instability, vegetative disorders. A thorough interview of the patient, a study of his psycho-emotional and mnestic sphere allows to identify…