Atlas assimilation is a partial or complete fusion of the I cervical vertebra and the occipital bone of the skull. Atlanta assimilation may not be accompanied by clinically significant disorders. In other cases, it leads to compression of the structures of the craniovertebral region (upper cervical spinal cord and medulla oblongata), limited mobility in the…
Brain aspergillosis is a fungal lesion of brain tissues caused by aspergillus. It occurs mainly in patients with immunosuppressive conditions against the background of blood diseases, malignant tumors, organ transplantation, prolonged glucocorticoid treatment. It is manifested by weakness, nausea, fever, headache, focal neurological symptoms. Aspergillosis is diagnosed according to the results of neurological examination, MRI…
Spinal arteriovenous malformations are congenital vascular formations of spinal localization. They consist of abnormally altered vessels shunting blood from the arterial network into the venous one, bypassing the capillaries. They are latent. Manifest symptoms of spinal hemorrhage, radicular pain, progressive motor disorders. Diagnosis is based on clinical, tomographic and angiographic data. Neurosurgical treatment: endovascular obliteration, open…
Arteriovenous malformations are congenital anomalies of cerebral vessels characterized by the formation of a local vascular conglomerate in which there are no capillary vessels, and the arteries pass directly into the veins. Arteriovenous malformations are manifested by persistent headaches, epileptic syndrome, intracranial bleeding with rupture of malformation vessels. Diagnosis is carried out using CT and MRI…
Arachnoiditis is an autoimmune inflammatory lesion of the arachnoid membrane of the brain, leading to the formation of adhesions and cysts in it. Clinically, arachnoiditis is manifested by cerebrospinal hypertension, asthenic or neurasthenic syndromes, as well as focal symptoms (damage to cranial nerves, pyramidal disorders, cerebellar disorders), depending on the predominant localization of the process.…
Arachnoid cyst of the brain is a formation filled with cerebrospinal fluid located between the duplication of the arachnoid membrane. It may have an innate and secondary nature. It often proceeds latently, without clinical manifestations. With an increase in volume, the cyst debuts with symptoms of intracranial hypertension, convulsive paroxysms and focal neurological deficit. It…
Apraxia is a disorder of the ability to perform sequential actions while maintaining the necessary amount of sensory and motor functions. Occurs when various parts of the cortex, subcortical nodes are affected. It is diagnosed according to neurological examination data, including specific neuropsychological tests. The cause of the detected disorders is determined using neuroimaging methods…
Pituitary apoplexy is an acute condition that occurs due to a sharp increase in the size of a pituitary tumor due to its rupture, hemorrhage or necrosis. The disease is accompanied by severe headaches, visual impairment, nausea, vomiting. The defeat of the pituitary gland causes hypopituitrism. Compression of the cerebral vessels leads to the development…
Apallic syndrome is a clinical symptom complex, including the absence of signs of awareness in the presence of eye opening, alternating sleep / wakefulness. According to neurologists, it is associated with extensive damage to the cerebral cortex. It can be a transitional state when coming out of a coma. It is diagnosed exclusively clinically using…
Anencephaly is a malformation of the nervous system in which the fetus lacks large hemispheres of the brain, underdeveloped bones of the cranial vault, soft tissues of the head. The anomaly occurs under the influence of chemical, biological or physical teratogenic factors. Most fetuses with anencephaly die in the prenatal period, and even with live…