Werdnig Hoffmann disease is the most malignant spinal muscular atrophy that develops from birth or in the first 1-1.5 years of a child’s life. It is characterized by increasing diffuse muscular atrophy, accompanied by sluggish paresis, progressing to complete plegia. As a rule, Werdnig Hoffmann disease is combined with bone deformities and congenital malformations. The diagnostic…
Sugary drinks have long been associated with very negative health consequences. And now there is evidence that they affect cancer mortality rates. All kinds of soda and store-bought juices contain a huge amount of sugar, and it leads to kidney damage, increased blood pressure, obesity and strokes. These drinks are especially dangerous for overweight children.…
Amaurotic idiocy is a concept that unites a group of genetically determined diseases caused by dysmetabolism of gangliosides with their accumulation in cerebral cells. The leading symptoms of pathology are a progressive decrease in intelligence and loss of vision. Diagnostic measures include neurological examination, ophthalmoscopy, brain MRI, genetic consultation, blood lipid composition study, histochemical analysis…
Crossed syndromes are neurological disorders involving unilateral cranial nerve damage and contralateral motor and/or sensory disorders. The variety of forms is due to the different level of lesion. Diagnosis is carried out clinically during a neurological examination. To establish the etiology of the disease, MRI of the brain, studies of cerebral hemodynamics, analysis of cerebrospinal…
Alcoholic myopathy is an acute or chronic muscle damage caused by prolonged intoxication with ethanol and other toxic components of alcohol. The risk of developing the disease increases with protein-energy deficiency, concomitant renal pathology. Main symptoms: sudden or gradually increasing weakness of the proximal muscles of the extremities, myalgia, swelling of the affected muscles. The…
Akinetic mutism is a symptom complex consisting in the absence of voluntary movements and expressive speech in the presence of a potential opportunity to move and speak. Patients are in a state of wakefulness, they retain the ability to fix their gaze, follow objects with their eyes, react to sounds, understand speech. The diagnosis is…
Akinetic crisis is an acute disorder of motor activity in the form of a sharp difficulty of voluntary movements, developing in Parkinson’s disease. The clinical picture is characterized by oligobradykinesia, hypomimia, dysarthria, plastic increase in muscle tone, dysphagia, vegetative symptoms. Diagnostics includes laboratory tests, MRI, PET, brain SPECT. Complex treatment is carried out, including relief…
Akathisia is a constant internal urge to move, pathological restlessness. The subjective component of the phenomenon is a painful desire to move, uncomfortable sensations, a feeling of increasing anxiety in the absence of movement. Objective symptoms are expressed in fussiness, restlessness, trampling on the spot, aimless movement. Diagnosis is carried out clinically, instrumental studies are…
Acalculia is a generalizing concept that includes a variety of violations of the understanding of numbers and performing arithmetic operations. It is manifested by visual / auditory unrecognition of numbers, misunderstanding of the concept of number, numeric digit, inability to consistently perform calculations. It is diagnosed on the basis of clinical features, the results of…
Citrate intoxication is a post—transfusion complication that occurs with massive transfusions of whole blood or plasma; a metabolic reaction of the body to media prepared using citric acid sodium salt (sodium citrate). It is clinically manifested by convulsive contractions of individual fibers of the lower leg muscles, disorders of the coronary rhythm, pain or heaviness…