Pulmonary sarcoidosis is a disease belonging to the group of benign systemic granulomatoses, occurring with damage to the mesenchymal and lymphatic tissues of various organs, but mainly the respiratory system. Patients with sarcoidosis are concerned about increased weakness and fatigue, fever, chest pain, cough, arthralgia, skin lesions. In the diagnosis of sarcoidosis, chest x-ray and…
Recurrent bronchitis is a recurrent, prolonged inflammation of the bronchial mucosa that repeats up to 3 or more times throughout the year, but does not lead to irreversible violations of the function of the respiratory organs. Recurrent bronchitis is accompanied by subfebrility, wet, rough cough, sometimes bronchospasm and wheezing. The diagnosis is made according to…
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is an extremely severe manifestation of respiratory insufficiency, accompanied by the development of non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema, respiratory disorders and hypoxia. Despite the variety of factors leading to ARDS, it is based on damage to the pulmonary structures that cause the failure of oxygen transport to the lungs. Other names for…
Diaphragmatic relaxation is a total or limited relaxation and high standing of the dome of the thoracic septum with the prolapse of the abdominal organs adjacent to it into the chest. Clinically manifested by cardiovascular, respiratory, dyspeptic disorders. The predominance of certain symptoms depends on the localization and severity of the pathological process. The leading…
Rheumatoid lung disease is a set of changes in the respiratory system that occur in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. It is manifested by chest pain, shortness of breath, cough, fever. There are also signs of the underlying disease: arthralgia, joint stiffness, rheumatoid nodules. Pulmonary changes are detected during lung MSCT, FER, SPECT, biopsy. Additionally, EchoCG…
Mediastinal cancer is a malignant neoplasm of various morphologies located in the median parts of the thoracic cavity. The progression of mediastinal space cancer is accompanied by chest pain, shortness of breath, dysphonia, cough, dysphagia, and the development of Gorner and superior vena cava syndromes. Chest x-ray, computer and magnetic resonance imaging, mediastinoscopy or videothoracoscopy…
Pleural cancer is a malignant tumor of the parietal or visceral leaf of the serous lining of the lungs. Disease is characterized by rapid progression: early onset of pain, accumulation of exudate in the pleural cavity, increasing shortness of breath. For the detection and histological confirmation of pleural cancer, X-ray examination, ultrasound of the pleural…
Pancoast tumor is an apical lung cancer having a subpleural localization and accompanied by the germination of the neurovascular bundle, lower cervical vertebrae, upper ribs and other nearby anatomical formations. The manifestations of Pancoast tumor are very specific; they include pain in the shoulder and arm, paresthesia in the fingers of the hand, Gorner syndrome,…
Lung cancer is a malignant tumor originating from the tissues of the bronchi or pulmonary parenchyma. Symptoms can be subfebrility, cough with sputum or streaks of blood, shortness of breath, chest pain, weight loss. Pleurisy, pericarditis, superior vena cava syndrome, pulmonary bleeding may develop. Accurate diagnosis requires radiography and CT of the lungs, bronchoscopy, sputum…
Bronchial cancer is a malignant neoplasm that develops from the integumentary epithelium of the bronchi of various calibers and bronchial glands. With the development of this disease, the patient is concerned about cough, shortness of breath, hemoptysis, fever of the remitting type. Diagnosis involves X-ray, tomographic and bronchological examination, cytological or histological confirmation of the…