Cytokine storm is a special severe form of systemic inflammatory reaction characterized by excessive activation of immunocompetent cells, the production of a large number of inflammatory cytokines. It can develop with sepsis, viral infections (influenza, coronavirus infection, Ebola fever), rejection of a transplanted organ, etc. The main clinical manifestations include fever, pain in the head,…
Drowning is a complex of pathological changes in the work of vital systems that occurs when completely immersed in water and, in the absence of timely assistance, leads to the death of the patient. The main symptoms are tachycardia, hypertension, bloating and foam discharge from the respiratory openings. The skin is bluish, cold, pupillary reflexes…
Venomous insect bites are a complex of reactions that occur in contact with hornets, bees, wasps, bumblebees, some species of spiders, scorpions. The pathological effect is caused by the penetration of four types of toxic substances into the victim’s body: amines, beltides, proteins, animal enzymes. Local symptoms include burning pain, hyperemia, edema. The spectrum of…
Venomous snake bite are a combined lesion of biological xenobiotics and infectious agents contained on the animal’s fangs. Manifestations include pain, swelling, necrosis, and the release of bloody fluid. Systemic signs – hypercoagulation or hemorrhagic syndrome, tachycardia, vomiting, dizziness, paralysis or paresis, impaired consciousness. The complex of symptoms depends on the type of snake. Diagnosis is…
Terminal illness are pathologies that are characterized by a critical level of impairment of vital activity, gross changes in gas exchange, hemodynamics and metabolism. The process is irreversible without resuscitation. The main clinical manifestations are centralization of blood flow, a pathological type of breathing, a decrease in blood pressure up to undetectable, depression or complete loss…
Mechanical asphyxia is one of the forms of mechanical asphyxia resulting from compression of blood vessels and respiratory tract in the upper parts. It is a consequence of strangulation using a self-tightening loop or garrote. It is accompanied by the development of seizures, loss of consciousness, impaired or stopped breathing, involuntary defecation and urination, diffuse…
Stokes-Adams syndrome is a complex of symptoms caused by a sharp decrease in cardiac output and cerebral ischemia in patients suffering from severe rhythm disturbances. It manifests itself in the form of attacks of syncope, convulsions, ventricular fibrillation, asystole. The diagnosis is established by the presence of a characteristic clinical picture, changes in the electrocardiogram,…
Although our brains are divided into two halves, they are not at all ideally equal in size and shape. And a new study explains why. Scientists from the Max Planck Institute in Germany have found out why there is no symmetry between the two hemispheres in the human brain. Some functions of our body are…
Septic shock is a severe pathological condition that occurs when bacterial endotoxins enter the bloodstream massively. It is accompanied by tissue hypoperfusion, a critical decrease in blood pressure and symptoms of multiple organ failure. The diagnosis is made on the basis of a general clinical picture that combines signs of lung damage, cardiovascular system (CVC),…
Refeeding syndrome is a symptom complex that develops at the stage of withdrawal from starvation, characterized by life-threatening electrolyte and multiple organ disorders. It is accompanied by dysfunction of the cardiovascular (arrhythmia, edema), respiratory (tachypnea), digestive (vomiting, flatulence), nervous (convulsions, disorders of consciousness) and other systems up to a fatal outcome. Diagnostics includes laboratory tests (blood…