Mediastinal cyst are a large group of cavity formations of mediastinal space of congenital and acquired nature. Pathology may have an asymptomatic course or be accompanied by signs of compression of surrounding organs (bronchi, esophagus, atria, arteries), disrupting their function. Diagnosis involves polypositional X-ray and chest X-ray, esophagus, heart; tomography; bronchoscopy, pneumomediastinography, mediastinoscopy, fine needle…
Lung cyst is a pathological cavity in the lung parenchyma filled with air or liquid contents. The course of a lung cyst can be asymptomatic, clinically pronounced (with shortness of breath, cough, heaviness and chest pain) and complicated (infection, pneumothorax, bleeding, etc.). The main diagnosis of the cyst is X-ray, including an overview chest x-ray,…
Bronchial carcinoid is a rare neoplasm from the group of neuroendocrine tumors, affecting mainly large bronchi. It is characterized by relatively slow growth with the ability to metastasize. It is considered as a potentially malignant neoplasia. It is manifested by coughing, shortness of breath, hemoptysis and recurrent pneumonia. Carcinoid syndrome rarely develops. The diagnosis of…
Pulmonary candidiasis is an invasive lesion of the lung tissue by yeast–like fungi of the genus Candida, penetrating into the respiratory tract mainly from endogenous foci of mycosis. Fungal infection is manifested by a strong cough with scanty sputum, hemoptysis, subfebrility, shortness of breath, chest pain, weakness, the development of bronchospasm, pleurisy, respiratory failure. To…
Caseous pneumonia is a severe independent clinical form of pulmonary tuberculosis, which is characterized by rapid progression of specific inflammation, accompanied by destruction of the pulmonary parenchyma and the formation of cavities. The leading clinical signs of the disease are severe intoxication, cough with sputum, respiratory failure. For diagnostic purposes, radiation methods of examination of…
Infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis is a secondary tuberculosis infection characterized by widespread lung damage with an exudative type of inflammatory reaction and the formation of foci of caseous decay. The clinical picture is dominated by intoxication syndrome, hyperthermia, productive cough, side pain, hemoptysis. In the diagnosis of infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis, the data of physical, X-ray, laboratory…
Pulmonary infarction is an ischemia of a section of lung tissue caused by thrombosis or embolism of branches of the pulmonary artery. Clinical signs of this pathology can be sharp chest pain, shortness of breath, cough with bloody sputum, hyperthermia, tachycardia, collapse. To detect a pulmonary infarction, radiography, CT and lung scintigraphy, angiopulmonography, EchoCG, blood…
Interstitial lung diseases are a group of diseases that occur with the development of diffuse inflammation of the stroma of the lungs, mainly bronchioles and alveoli. A reflection of such changes are fever, general malaise, weight loss, unproductive cough, dry inspiratory wheezing, pulmonary insufficiency (shortness of breath, tachypnea), right ventricular heart failure. The diagnosis of…
Interstitial pneumonia is a progressive inflammatory process affecting the walls of the alveoli and the connective tissue of the parenchyma, with possible secondary intraalveolar exudation and outcome in fibrous restructuring of the pulmonary structures. The disease is accompanied by increasing shortness of breath, dry or slightly sputum cough, chest pain, subfebrility, “warm” cyanosis, cardiopulmonary insufficiency.…
Foreign body in trachea – various foreign objects that got into the windpipe as a result of aspiration or injury. The clinic of a foreign body in trachea is characterized by a painful cough, acrocyanosis, attacks of suffocation, vomiting, a symptom of balloting. Diagnosis of a foreign body in trachea is based on the data…