Foreign body in bronchus is foreign objects accidentally aspirated or trapped in the airways through wound channels and fixed at the level of the bronchi. The foreign body in bronchus makes itself felt by paroxysmal whooping cough, asphyxia, cyanosis of the face, stenotic breathing, hemoptysis, vomiting, violation of phonation. A foreign body in the bronchi…
Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis of the lungs is a lesion of the respiratory organs by mold fungi of the genus Aspergillus, which is characterized by the spread of infection through the epithelial barrier and angioinvasia. The disease proceeds according to the type of severe antibiotic-resistant pneumonia with an increase in temperature to high numbers, cough, hemoptysis…
Pulmonary mucormycosis is a severe fungal disease that occurs mainly in immunocompromised individuals and is characterized by the development of vascular thrombosis and necrosis of the lung tissue. The main symptoms of the disease are nonspecific: they include fever, shortness of breath, cough and hemoptysis. The diagnosis is established on the basis of radiological or…
Closed pneumothorax is a partial or complete collapse of the lung caused by air entering the pleural cavity; at the same time, the pleural cavity does not communicate with the external environment, and the amount of gas during breathing does not increase. It is manifested by chest pain on the side of the lesion, a…
Respiratory failure is a pathological syndrome accompanying a number of diseases, which is based on a violation of gas exchange in the lungs. The clinical picture is based on signs of hypoxemia and hypercapnia (cyanosis, tachycardia, sleep and memory disorders), respiratory muscle fatigue syndrome and shortness of breath. RF is diagnosed on the basis of…
Lobar pneumonia is an acute infectious and allergic inflammation that engulfs one or more lobes of the lung and pleura. Lobar pneumonia is manifested by chills, fever, headache and pleural pain, general weakness, sweating, shortness of breath, wet cough. The diagnosis of lobar pneumonia is made based on anamnesis, auscultation, lung radiography data, clinical blood…
Tracheal diverticulum is a defect of the tracheal wall in the form of protrusion, which has a message with the lumen of the organ. This pathology may be asymptomatic or manifest as cough with sputum, shortness of breath, hoarseness of voice, dysphagia. Diverticula are diagnosed using videotracheobronchoscopy, radiography, multispiral CT. Conservative and surgical methods are…
Fungal pneumonia is a mycotic lesion of the lungs, the causative agents of which are various types of fungi. The disease is manifested by fever, weakness, cough with mucopurulent sputum and hemoptysis, shortness of breath, chest pain, myalgia. The diagnosis of fungal pneumonia is made according to anamnesis, symptoms, lung radiography, microbiological, serological and molecular…
Hypercapnia is an increase in the carbon dioxide content in arterial blood of more than 45 mm Hg. The condition most often develops with a decrease in lung ventilation against the background of COPD and exacerbation of bronchial asthma. The cause of the syndrome is also neuromuscular pathologies, rib injuries, critical conditions. Hypercapnia is manifested…
Hydrothorax is a pleural effusion syndrome caused by the accumulation of fluid of non–inflammatory origin (transudate). It is accompanied by heaviness in the chest, shortness of breath, cyanotic skin tone, decreased exercise tolerance. Possible combination with hydropericardium, ascites. Hydrothorax is diagnosed according to echography of pleural cavities, lung X-ray, diagnostic puncture. Treatment involves evacuation of…