Hemothorax is bleeding into the pleural cavity, accumulation of blood between its leaves, leading to compression of the lung and displacement of the mediastinal organs in the opposite direction. With hemothorax, there is chest pain, difficulty breathing, signs of acute blood loss develop (dizziness, pallor of the skin, tachycardia, hypotension, cold sticky sweat, fainting). Diagnosis…
Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis is a lung lesion caused by the massive influx of red blood cells into the lung tissue with the deposition of the iron–containing pigment hemosiderin in it. The course of the disease is accompanied by crises, during which cough, hemoptysis, shortness of breath, fever, tachycardia, respiratory failure, pulmonary bleeding and anemia occur.…
Hemorrhagic pneumonia is an inflammation of the lung tissue that occurs with the presence of a large number of red blood cells in the alveolar exudate and bronchial secretions. Hemorrhagic pneumonia often has a lightning course, accompanied by respiratory failure, hemoptysis, pulmonary edema, DIC syndrome, multiple organ failure. The diagnosis is established on the basis…
Hemopneumothorax is the simultaneous presence of hemorrhagic effusion and free gas in the pleural cavity. Hemopneumothorax is manifested by both signs of bleeding (pallor of the skin, tachycardia, decreased blood pressure) and symptoms of respiratory failure (shallow rapid breathing, cyanosis, chest pain, etc.). In order to detect hemopneumothorax, lung radiography and pleural puncture are performed.…
Pulmonary hamartoma is a congenital benign neoplasm of the lungs that develops from various elements of embryonic tissue with a predominance of cartilage, fat, muscle or fibrous components. The clinical picture of a lung hamartoma varies from a complete absence of symptoms to pronounced manifestations, including difficulty breathing, chest pain, cough, sometimes hemoptysis and the…
Nosocomial pneumonia is a lung infection that developed two or more days after the patient’s admission to the hospital, in the absence of signs of the disease at the time of hospitalization. The manifestations of nosocomial pneumonia are similar to those in other forms of pneumonia: fever, cough with sputum, tachypnea, leukocytosis, infiltrative changes in…
Viral pneumonia is an infectious lesion of the lower respiratory tract caused by respiratory viruses (influenza, parainfluenza, adenoviruses, enteroviruses, respiratory syncytial virus, etc.). Disease occurs acutely with a sudden increase in body temperature, chills, intoxication syndrome, wet cough, pleural pain, respiratory failure. The diagnosis takes into account physical, radiological and laboratory data, the connection of…
Bullous emphysema is a local change in lung tissue characterized by the destruction of alveolar septa and the formation of air cysts with a diameter of more than 1 cm (bull). With an uncomplicated course of bullous emphysema, symptoms may be absent until the occurrence of spontaneous pneumothorax. Diagnostic confirmation of bullous emphysema is achieved using…
Bronchospasm is a pathological condition that occurs as a result of narrowing of the bronchial lumen of medium and small caliber, caused by spasm of smooth muscle fibers, swelling of the mucous membrane and violation of the drainage function of the respiratory tract. It is manifested by a feeling of lack of air, expiratory shortness…
Broncholithiasis is a disease of the respiratory tract caused by the presence of calcified exogenous or endogenous foreign bodies (bronchitis) in the bronchi. It is manifested by paroxysmal cough with hemoptysis and coughing up concretions, recurrent inflammatory processes of the respiratory tract, bronchial obstruction. The main diagnostic methods are radiation examination of the chest organs,…