Immune hemolytic anemia is a group of diseases caused by increased destruction of red blood cells due to the production of antibodies against unchanged red blood cells or haptens that appeared on the erythrocyte membrane. There are isoimmune, transimmune, heterogeneous and autoimmune hemolytic anemia. Clinical signs: pallor or jaundice of the skin, moderate enlargement of…
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis is a group of congenital and acquired diseases resulting from disorders of the regulation of the immune response and characterized by hyperproduction of histiocytes, as well as cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. Clinical symptoms are manifested by febrile fever, enlargement of the liver and spleen, peripheral lymph nodes, damage to the nervous system, bone marrow and…
Secondary immunodeficiency is a disease of the immune system that occurs in children and adults, not associated with genetic defects and characterized by the development of repeated, prolonged infectious and inflammatory pathological processes that are poorly amenable to etiotropic treatment. There are acquired, induced and spontaneous forms of secondary immunodeficiency. Symptoms are caused by a…
Bullous pemphigoid is a chronic autoimmune skin disease affecting mainly older people. Its symptoms are similar to those of pemphigus and are reduced to the formation of tense blisters on the skin of the arms, legs, and abdomen; the distribution of pathological foci is usually symmetrical. Diagnosis of bullous pemphigoid is performed by examining the…
Eosinophilic fasciitis is a diffuse connective tissue disease characterized by lesions of deep fascia, muscles, subcutaneous tissue, skin and occurring against the background of eosinophilia and hypergammaglobulinemia. For the clinical picture of eosinophilic fasciitis, the skin is typically compacted by the type of “orange peel”, edema of the distal extremities, polyarthralgia, flexion contractures of the…
Mikulicz disease is a rare chronic disease, manifested by a symmetrical increase in all salivary and lacrimal glands. Among the possible etiological factors, the role of viral infection, as well as autoimmune processes leading to dystrophic lesions of the salivary and lacrimal glands is considered. More often the disease (syndrome) Mikulicz occurs in patients with…
Heavy chain diseases (HCD) are rare tumor diseases of a lymphoproliferative nature, in which the synthesis of defective immunoglobulins (with missing fragments of light chains) occurs. There are several variants of the disease – HCD-α, HCD-γ, HCD-µ and HCD- δ. Clinical manifestations are caused by damage to the lymphatic system and hematopoietic organs (enlargement of…
Ovarian insufficiency is a functional failure of the follicular apparatus due to its underdevelopment, irreversible damage or insensitivity to gonadotropins. It is manifested by infertility, irregular menstruation or their absence, signs of hypoestrogenism. It is diagnosed by gynecological examination, analysis of sex hormone levels, ultrasound of the pelvic organs, diagnostic laparoscopy, cytogenetic examination. For the…
Ovarian pregnancy is a gestational complication characterized by the attachment of the embryo to the tissues of the ovary. Most often it proceeds practically without subjective manifestations. The main complaints of patients include pelvic pain, spotting discharge from the genital tract, menstrual cycle disorders, menstruation delay, with rupture of the fetus – symptoms of “acute…
Stomach ulcer in pregnant women is a chronic recurrent disease detected during gestation, in which a local ulcerative defect forms in the gastric mucosa. It is manifested by epigastric pain, discomfort, heaviness in the epigastric region, dyspeptic phenomena, slowing weight gain. It is diagnosed using ultrasound of the stomach, gastroscopy, laboratory methods for detecting helicobacteriosis,…
