Rh incompatibility is an immunological incompatibility of the Rh-factor of the blood of a Rh-negative mother and a Rh-positive fetus, characterized by sensitization of the maternal organism. The cause of Rh conflict is the transplacental penetration of fetal erythrocytes carrying a positive Rh factor into the bloodstream of a Rh-negative mother. Rh incompatibility can cause fetal…
Pregnancy stretch marks are specific atrophic skin changes caused by the destruction of connective tissue under the influence of gestation factors. They have the appearance of soft bluish-purple stripes located parallel or radially on the skin of the chest, abdomen. They are diagnosed during the examination, if necessary, the level of hormones in the blood…
Early menopause is a complex of changes that occur with estrogenic insufficiency and are accompanied by early (up to 45 years) or premature (up to 40 years) termination of menstruation. The level of female sex hormones at a young age decreases with burdened heredity, injuries, inflammation and neoplasms of the ovaries, their removal, drug or…
Early miscarriage is a spontaneous termination of pregnancy for up to 12 obstetric weeks, often in the absence of cardiac activity in the fetus or an empty embryo sac. Usually, an early miscarriage is accompanied by pain in the lower abdomen or lower back of various kinds, bloody discharge from the vagina with a possible…
Ovarian cancer is a primary, secondary or metastatic tumor lesion of the female hormone–producing sex glands – the ovaries. In the early stages, ovarian cancer is asymptomatic; there are no pathognomonic manifestations. Common forms are manifested by weakness, malaise, decreased and perversion of appetite, impaired gastrointestinal function, dysuric disorders, ascites. Diagnosis includes physical and vaginal…
Thyroid cancer in pregnancy is a malignant tumor lesion of thyroid tissue diagnosed during gestation. It often proceeds without symptoms. It can manifest itself with nodular formations and pain in the neck, an increase in cervical lymph nodes, a change in voice, difficulty breathing and swallowing, paroxysmal cough, shortness of breath, suffocation. It is diagnosed…
Cervical cancer during pregnancy is a malignant neoplasm that originates from the transformation zone, exocervix, endocervix and is detected during pregnancy. In more than two-thirds of cases, it is asymptomatic. With a manifest course, it is manifested by contact bleeding, spontaneous vaginal bleeding, leukorrhea, pain in the lower abdomen, violation of the function of the…
Cervical cancer is a tumor lesion of the lower part of the uterus characterized by malignant transformation of the integumentary epithelium (ecto- or endocervix). Specific manifestations are preceded by an asymptomatic course; in the future, contact and intermenstrual spotting, abdominal and sacral pain, swelling of the lower extremities, urination and defecation disorders appear. Diagnosis includes…
Uterine body cancer is a malignant lesion of the endometrium lining the uterine cavity. Cancer of the uterine body is manifested by bloody discharge, watery whites from the genital tract, pain, acyclic or atypical uterine bleeding. Clinical recognition is carried out on the basis of gynecological examination data, cytological analysis of aspirates, ultrasound, hysteroscopy with…
Breast cancer during pregnancy is a malignant neoplasia of the breast, detected during gestation, lactation or within 12 months after delivery. It is manifested by nodular or diffuse compaction of the mammary glands, their heaviness and soreness, discomfort, pain in the areola area, discharge from the nipple, local skin changes, an increase in axillary lymph…