Enthesopathy are a group of pathological processes with an inflammatory and degenerative–dystrophic component that occur in the area of attachment of tendons, less often aponeuroses, ligaments and joint capsules to bones. They are manifested by pain at rest and during physical exertion with the participation of the affected anatomical structure, restriction of movements, local swelling,…
Ectrodactyly is a malformation of the extremities, in which there is an absence or underdevelopment of one or more toes and hands, sometimes involving the metacarpal and metatarsal. In a typical case, the number of fingers is reduced or part of the fingers are underdeveloped, a deep cleft is revealed along the middle line of…
Cervical rib is a congenital anomaly in which one or more additional ribs extending from the lower cervical vertebrae (usually VII) are detected. It is often asymptomatic. As a rule, it manifests for the first time in adult patients, it can manifest itself with pain, sensitivity disorders, edema, cyanosis, cold extremity and other symptoms caused…
Chronic osteomyelitis is a chronic inflammatory process affecting all elements of the bone: bone marrow, periosteum, compact and spongy substance. Usually it becomes the outcome of acute osteomyelitis, less often there is a primary chronic course. Alternation of remissions and exacerbations is characteristic. In the acute phase, symptoms of general intoxication, pain, swelling, hyperemia of…
Chondrosarcoma is a malignant tumor of the skeleton originating from cartilage tissue. It can develop on unchanged bones or be formed as a result of the degeneration of some benign tumors. It is manifested by progressive pain and swelling in the affected area. In some cases, there is a local increase in temperature, expansion of…
Patellar chondromalacia is a degenerative destruction of cartilage located on the posterior surface of the patella. It is manifested by pain during movements, prolonged stay in a position with bent knees. It is diagnosed on the basis of complaints, physical examination data and the results of non-invasive imaging studies. Sometimes arthroscopy is performed. Therapeutic measures…
Chondroma is a benign neoplasm consisting of cells of mature cartilage (usually hyaline). It can develop on any bones, but most often the tubular bones of the hand are affected. It is prone to slow growth, the current is favorable. At the initial stages, the clinic is scarce or absent, so small chondromas often become…
Chondrocalcinosis is a chronic disease characterized by an inflammatory lesion of the joints due to the deposition of calcium pyrophosphate in them. Clinically, it can occur both asymptomatically and with manifestations of acute monoarthritis or minor joint pain. The diagnosis is made on the basis of symptoms, anamnesis, detection of calcium pyrophosphate crystals in the…
Chondroblastoma is a rare tumor that usually forms at the articular ends of bones. It usually has a benign character, in the initial stages it is asymptomatic, accompanied by unpleasant sensations or minor pains that persist for several months or even years. With an increase, there is pain and swelling in the joint area. With…
Phlegmon is a purulent process in adipose tissue that does not have clear boundaries and is prone to spreading to surrounding tissues. The causative agent is most often Staphylococcus aureus. Phlegmon is manifested by general malaise and intoxication, a significant increase in body temperature, sharp soreness during movements and palpation of the affected area. The…