Horner’s syndrome is a symptom complex caused by a lesion of the sympathetic nervous system, manifested by ophthalmological disorders, disorders of sweating and vascular tone on the side of the lesion. The clinical picture is represented by ptosis, myosis, endophthalmos in combination with hyperemia and dyshydrosis of half of the face. To make a diagnosis,…
Sympathetic ophthalmia is a binocular lesion of the visual organ that develops after damage to the uveal tract, followed by involvement in the pathological process of the second intact eyeball. The most common symptoms are hyperemia, lacrimation, photophobia, “flies” in front of the eyes, decreased visual acuity. Diagnosis of sympathetic ophthalmia is reduced to the…
Rubeosis iridis is a disease characterized by the appearance of newly formed vessels on the anterior surface of the iris. Clinical symptoms are represented by visual discomfort, a slight decrease in visual acuity, photophobia, the appearance of “fog” in front of the eyes. To make a diagnosis, biomicroscopy of the eye, gonioscopy, tonography, ophthalmoscopy and…
Rosacea keratitis is an inflammatory infiltrative lesion of the cornea associated with pink acne of the facial skin. Rosacea keratitis is accompanied by corneal syndrome, the phenomena of mucopurulent conjunctivitis and iritis, the appearance of infiltrates and ulcers on the cornea, which develop against the background of rashes on the skin of the face. Diagnosis…
Ocular erysipelas is an acute infectious disease of the eyelid skin that develops when infected with b-hemolytic streptococcus, less often with Staphylococcus. Common symptoms for all forms are soreness and swelling of the eyelids, hyperthermia, general weakness. Diagnostics is based on ultrasound examination of the eye, biomicroscopy, laboratory tests (blood test, coagulogram). Drug therapy includes…
Retrobulbar neuritis is an inflammatory lesion of the area of the optic nerve located between the orbit and the optic junction. It is accompanied by a decrease in visual acuity, the appearance of prolapses, limitations of visual fields, pain when moving the eyeball. Diagnosis includes a comprehensive neurological and ophthalmological examination. Treatment is carried out…
Retinoschisis is a pathological change in the retina, in which there is a separation of the retinal layers into external (choroidal) and internal (vitreal). The main cause of development is considered to be a violation of blood circulation in the retina. There are no clinical manifestations in the early stages of retinoschisis, symptoms occur only…
Retinopathy is a lesion of retinal vessels that leads to impaired blood supply to the retina, its dystrophy, optic nerve atrophy and blindness. Disease proceeds painlessly: at the same time, there is the appearance of floating spots (cattle) and shrouds in front of the eyes, a progressive decrease in vision. Diagnosis requires consultations of specialists…
Retinoblastoma is a malignant intraocular neoplasm that develops from the neuroectoderm of the retina and occurs mainly in young children. The retinoblastoma clinic is characterized by loss of central and binocular vision, pain, leukocoria, development of strabismus, exophthalmos, secondary inflammation and glaucoma. Examination in case of suspected retinoblastoma includes examination of vision, measurement of intraocular…
Retinitis is an inflammatory process in the retina of the eye caused by endogenous or exogenous mechanisms of development. Clinically, disease is manifested by a decrease in visual acuity, changes in the boundaries of the visual field, metamorphopsy, color perception disorder. Diagnosis includes ophthalmoscopy, visometry, perimetry, color testing, fluorescence angiography of the fundus, OCT, electrophysiological…