Keratomalacia is a pathology of the cornea, which is characterized by the formation of foci of necrosis with subsequent melting of the stroma of the cornea. Clinical manifestations include photophobia, lacrimation, edema, eyelid hyperemia, decreased visual acuity, hemeralopia. Diagnosis is reduced to performing biomicroscopy of the eyes, visometry and non-contact tonometry. Conservative therapy involves the…
Keratoconjunctivitis is a combined inflammation of the cornea and conjunctiva of the eye. The disease occurs under the influence of infectious, allergic, traumatic or exogenous physical factors. The main symptoms of pathology include redness of the eye, photophobia, lacrimation, soreness and foreign body sensation. Diagnostics involves biomicroscopy, pachymetry, laboratory methods (bacteriological, virological, allergological examination). Treatment…
Keratoconus – dystrophic changes of the cornea, leading to its conical deformation, impaired and decreased vision. With keratoconus, visual acuity is progressively reduced, the image of objects is distorted, highlights and halos appear, monocular diplopia, sometimes pain syndrome and corneal opacity. Diagnosis consists in skiascopy, biomicroscopy, ophthalmometry, computer keratometry, coherent tomography. Microsurgical techniques of cross-linking,…
Keratoglobus is a pathology characterized by thinning of the cornea in the peripheral parts, followed by an increase in the radius of curvature and the acquisition of a spherical shape. It is clinically manifested by a decrease in visual acuity, double vision, lacrimation and photophobia. Diagnostics is based on anamnesis data, examination results, visometry, tonometry,…
Keratitis in children is an inflammatory process in the cornea of the eye. The disease occurs when infected with viral, bacterial and fungal pathogens, eye injuries, systemic allergic reactions. The main signs of the disease: redness, pain and sensation of a foreign object, photophobia and lacrimation. For diagnosis, a fluorescein test, biomicroscopy, keratopachimetry, as well…
Keratitis is a group of inflammatory lesions of the cornea – the anterior transparent membrane of the eye, having different etiologies, causing clouding of the cornea and decreased vision. For keratitis, the so-called corneal syndrome is typical, characterized by lacrimation, photophobia, blepharospasm; sensation of a foreign body of the eye, cutting pains, changes in corneal…
Cataract is a pathology of the refractive structure of the eye – lens, characterized by its opacity and loss of natural transparency. Cataract is manifested by “blurred” vision, deterioration of night vision, weakening of color perception, sensitivity to bright light, diplopia. Ophthalmological examination for cataracts includes visometry, perimetry, ophthalmoscopy, biomicroscopy, tonometry, refractometry, ophthalmometry, ultrasound scanning…
Canaliculitis is a polyethological disease manifested by inflammation of the lacrimal tubules. Common symptoms for all forms of canaliculitis are hyperemia, swelling and soreness in the affected area. Diagnostics is based on physical examination data, microscopic and cultural examination of secretions, diaphanoscopy and radiographic techniques. Conservative treatment includes tubule washing, instillation with antiseptics, corticosteroids and…
Ischemic optic neuropathy is a lesion of the optic nerve caused by a functionally significant circulatory disorder in its intrabulbar or intraorbital region. Ischemic optic neuropathy is characterized by a sudden decrease in visual acuity, narrowing and loss of visual fields, monocular blindness. Diagnosis of ischemic neuropathy requires visometry, ophthalmoscopy, perimetry, electrophysiological studies, Doppler ultrasound…
Iritis is an inflammation of the iris of the eyeball. Clinical symptoms are represented by “blurring” of vision, soreness in the eye socket, hyperemia, edema and a change in the pattern of the iris. Diagnostics includes visometry, gonioscopy, perimetry, biomicroscopy, ultrasound of the eye, tonometry, study of the cellular composition of intraocular fluid and the…