Ductography is an X-ray contrast study that displays the lobular milky ducts and their branching. The results allow us to judge the patency of the ducts, the presence of deformities, displacements, cystic cavities, tumor formations (papillomas, intracurrent cancer). The contrast solution is injected with a needle into the secerning ducts. Radiography is performed in the…
Cystography is an X-ray examination of the bladder, in which, as a result of contrast, its size, shape, and structure of the internal cavity are visualized. The method allows to determine the presence of concretions, neoplasms, diverticular and inflammatory changes in the walls, traumatic and congenital defects in the structure of the organ. Liquid and…
Urethrography is an X-ray examination procedure that visualizes the urethra after filling it with a contrast agent. Additionally, the bladder, prostate, and genitals are displayed. The method allows the diagnosis of inflammatory diseases, developmental abnormalities, lesions, strictures, tumors and stones of the urethra, adenoma and prostate cancer. Depending on the tasks of the study, ascending…
Cavernosography is a radiopaque method of examining the veins and arteries of the penis in an erection state. The results of the procedure are in demand in the differential diagnosis of various types of erectile dysfunction, as well as in determining the localization of plaques, foci of atrophy and sclerosis in cavernous bodies against the…
Hysterosalpingography (HSG) is a contrast X-ray method that visualizes the uterus and fallopian tubes. The procedure allows you to identify tubal obstruction, fibroids, endometrial polyps, isthmic-cervical insufficiency, malignant tumors, adhesions, congenital defects of the structure of the reproductive system. The introduction of a radiopaque drug is performed by catheterization of the uterus and fallopian tubes.…
Retrograde urography is an invasive procedure for X-ray examination of the ureters, renal pelvis and cups, in which a contrast agent is injected using a ureteral catheter. The method reveals the stenosis of the pelvic-ureteral system, pelvic tumors, X-ray negative ureteral concretions. Retrograde urography can be unilateral and bilateral, with different catheter insertion heights, with…
Intravenous urography is a method of X-ray diagnostics that displays the kidneys, renal pelvis, bladder, ureters and urethra. The study is applicable in the diagnosis of tumors, urolithiasis, inflammatory changes and congenital defects of the structure of the urinary organs. Intravenous contrast is preferred. In a two-phase study, images are taken with and without ureteral…
Urography is an X-ray examination that visualizes the general structure and location of the organs of the urinary system. The method is often used in the initial treatment of patients with nephrological symptoms, allows to diagnose volumetric processes, hydronephrosis, concretions of the kidneys, bladder and ureters, anomalies of the structure of organs. The results of…
Cholecystography is a technique of radiopaque examination of the condition of the gallbladder. Cholecystography is performed to determine the position, size, shape, contours, structure and functional state of the gallbladder. Cholecystography is informative for detecting deformities, concretions, inflammation, cholesterol polyps, gallbladder tumors, etc. Contrast agents (organic iodine compounds) can be taken by the patient orally,…
Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) is an invasive radiopaque examination of the bile ducts after they are directly filled with an iodine-containing contrast agent. PTC is indicated to identify the causes of pain syndrome after cholecystectomy, to determine the level, severity and nature of obstruction of the biliary tract in jaundice (concretion, tumor, stricture). Percutaneous puncture…
