Sneezing normally occurs under the influence of chemical or physical stimuli of the nasal mucosa, when in a dry room, pregnancy. The pathological symptom occurs in acute and chronic rhinitis, allergic rhinitis, sinusitis and nasal polyps. Diagnostics includes anterior and posterior rhinoscopy, radiography of the paranasal sinuses, microbiological and cytological analysis of a nasal smear.…
Anosmia is a complete loss of sensitivity to odors. The symptom is physiological in elderly people, but more often olfactory disorders occur in smokers, with various diseases of the nose and paranasal sinuses, brain pathologies. To establish the root cause of anosmia, olfactometry, examination of ENT organs, X-ray and tomographic methods of brain imaging, laboratory…
Sore throat is an uncomfortable tickling, scratching, stinging, tingling sensation in the pharynx or larynx. They are often combined with coughing and precede the appearance of pain. Tickling occurs in diseases of the ENT organs, bronchi, lungs, thyroid gland, upper gastrointestinal tract, a number of occupational diseases and allergies. In order to clarify the causes…
Dysosmia is a variety of disorders of the perception of odors, which are manifested by an increase or decrease in olfactory function, an inability to recognize familiar aromas. Dysosmia occurs in inflammatory processes in the nasal cavity, traumatic brain injuries, and other neurological or psychiatric diseases. To find out the root cause of dysosmia, olfactometry,…
Ear congestion is a subjective unpleasant sensation in the form of a feeling of pressure in the ear, “fullness” of the ear canal, hearing loss. The symptom is observed with pressure drops, inflammatory diseases of the auditory analyzer and nasopharynx, taking certain medications. To determine the cause of congestion, otoscopy, audiometry, X-ray examination of the…
Nasal congestion is a difficulty in nasal breathing. The symptom is often accompanied by nasal discharge, headaches, sleep disorders. Unpleasant manifestations can be caused by both physiological causes and various diseases of the nasal cavity, allergic reactions, pathologies of anatomical structures. To identify the cause of congestion, rhinoscopy, radiography of the paranasal sinuses, laboratory tests…
Speech comprehension disorder occurs in a number of different speech and neuropsychiatric syndromes: alalia, aphasia, autism, oligophrenia, dementia, etc. It is characterized by a lack of adequate response to audible speech, inability to follow instructions, increased attention exhaustion. Sometimes understanding is partially disrupted. Own speech production may be preserved or absent. To determine the causes…
Glossophobia is a pathological fear of speaking in front of people. Accompanies the course of stuttering, mutism, dyslalia, sometimes occurs within the framework of social phobia. With glossophobia, there is a constant fear of speech seizures, fear of being ridiculed by others, a painful fixation on a speech defect, which is why patients avoid communication…
Logorrhea is a specific speech disorder consisting of uncontrolled incoherent speech production. Senseless, unregulated volitional volubility is combined with an accelerated pace of speech. The symptom is characteristic of sensory alalia, acoustic-gnostic aphasia, schizophrenia, manic disorder, dementia, etc. Diagnosis of logorrhea is carried out by speech therapists, psychiatrists within the framework of the main speech…
Coprolalia is an unintentional, inappropriate, pathologically intrusive utterance of swear words and obscene language. It occurs in a number of mental and neurological diseases: Tourette’s syndrome, schizophrenia, manic syndrome, neuroinfections, Kleine-Levin syndrome, in the post-stroke period. It may be a side effect of taking neuroleptics. Coprolalia is diagnosed by clinical methods (conversation, observation), identification of…