Dorsopathy are a group of diseases of the spine and nearby tissues that cause pain in the trunk and extremities that are not associated with pathologies of internal organs. Pain syndrome can be acute or chronic, it increases with sudden movements, sneezing, coughing. It can be combined with limited mobility, muscle weakness, sensitivity disorders, vascular,…
Hip dysplasia is a congenital disorder of the formation of the joint, which can cause dislocation or subluxation of the femoral head. There is either underdevelopment of the joint, or its increased mobility in combination with connective tissue insufficiency. At an early age, it is manifested by asymmetry of the skin folds, shortening and restriction…
Discoid meniscus is a congenital developmental pathology in which the external, less often internal cartilaginous lining in the knee joint is not a crescent–shaped structure, as usual, but a flat disk. The violation is associated with an increased tendency to injury. It can manifest itself by clicking during movements, pain, blockages, recurrent synovitis, swelling of…
Gonarthrosis is a deforming arthrosis of the knee joint. It is accompanied by damage to the hyaline cartilage of the articular surfaces of the tibia and femur, has a chronic progressive course. Clinical symptoms include pain that increases with movement, restriction of movement and synovitis (accumulation of fluid) in the joint. In the later stages,…
Hypovolemic shock is a pathological condition caused by a rapid decrease in the volume of circulating blood. It is manifested by a decrease in blood pressure, tachycardia, thirst, nausea, dizziness, pre-fainting states, loss of consciousness and pallor of the skin. With the loss of a large volume of fluid, disorders worsen, irreversible damage to internal…
Hyperostosis is an excessive (pathological) proliferation of unchanged bone tissue. It can occur as an independent process or be a symptom of other diseases. The symptoms are determined by the primary pathology. Hyperostosis may be accompanied by deformation of one or more bones of the skeleton, or it may not manifest clinically in any way…
Hygroma is a lumped tumor-like formation filled with serous-fibrinous or serous-mucosal fluid. It is located next to joints or tendon sheaths. Small hygromas usually do not cause any inconvenience other than aesthetic. When they are enlarged or located next to the nerves, pain appears; in some cases, sensitivity may be impaired. Pathology is diagnosed taking…
Giant cell tumor of bone is a benign, rarely malignant neoplasm consisting of mononuclear and giant multinucleated cells resembling osteoclasts. It is more often localized in the metaphysics of long tubular bones. It proceeds asymptomatically or is manifested by pain, swelling, local hyperthermia, restriction of movements. Diagnostics is based on survey data, objective examination, radiography,…
Hematogenous osteomyelitis is a purulent inflammation of the bone resulting from the introduction of microbes with blood flow from pustules on the skin, purulent wounds and inflammatory foci in various organs. On the first day, symptoms of general intoxication prevail: high fever, nausea, vomiting, chills, weakness and headache. Then there are intense pains and significant…
Hemarthrosis is a hemorrhage in the joint cavity. Occurs due to rupture of vessels supplying blood to intra-articular structures. It is more often observed in the knee joint. It can be traumatic or non-traumatic. With hemarthrosis, the joint increases in volume and becomes spherical, pain and fluctuation (swelling) occur. The diagnosis is made on the…