Polycythemia is a chronic hemoblastosis, which is based on the unlimited proliferation of all myelopoiesis sprouts, mainly erythrocyte. Clinically, polycythemia is manifested by cerebral symptoms (heaviness in the head, dizziness, tinnitus), thrombohemorrhagic syndrome (arterial and venous thrombosis, bleeding), microcirculatory disorders (limb chilliness, erythromelalgia, hyperemia of the skin and mucous membranes). Basic diagnostic information is obtained…
Plasmocytoma is a malignant tumor of plasma cells that affects bones and internal organs. The disease can occur in a solitary form in the presence of only one pathological focus or in a generalized version, when different body systems are involved in the process. Plasmocytoma is characterized by a variety and non-specificity of clinical symptoms,…
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria is a rare life–threatening hematological disease characterized by intravascular hemolysis, arterial and venous thrombosis, systemic damage to internal organs. The clinical picture is diverse. The most typical symptoms include general weakness, paroxysmal abdominal, lumbar pain, darkening of urine. The main diagnostic method is flow cytometry (reduced expression of GPI–bound proteins on blood…
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia is a malignant lesion of the hematopoiesis system, accompanied by an uncontrolled increase in the number of lymphoblasts. It is manifested by anemia, symptoms of intoxication, enlarged lymph nodes, liver and spleen, increased bleeding and respiratory disorders. Due to a decrease in immunity in acute lymphoblastic leukemia, infectious diseases often develop. CNS…
Pernicious anemia is a violation of the red germ of hematopoiesis caused by a lack of cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12) in the body. With B12-deficient anemia, circulatory hypoxic (pallor, tachycardia, shortness of breath), gastroenterological (glossitis, stomatitis, hepatomegaly, gastroenterocolitis) and neurological syndromes (impaired sensitivity, polyneuritis, ataxia) develop. Confirmation is made based on the results of laboratory studies…
Pancytopenia is a decrease in the number of all shaped elements in the peripheral blood. The condition is one of the signs of bone marrow insufficiency that occurs with aplastic anemia, leukemia, the action of ionizing radiation. Pathology is manifested by anemia, immunodeficiency, hemorrhagic syndrome. To diagnose pancytopenia, a blood test, examination of bone marrow…
Acute leukemia is a tumor lesion of the hematopoietic system, the morphological basis of which are immature (blast) cells that displace normal hematopoietic sprouts. Clinical symptoms are represented by progressive weakness, unmotivated fever, arthralgias and ossalgias, bleeding of various localizations, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, gingivitis, stomatitis, angina. To confirm the diagnosis, it is necessary to examine the…
Myelofibrosis is a chronic hematological disease characterized by tumor proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells and bone marrow fibrosis. The main clinical manifestations include symptoms of tumor intoxication and anemic syndrome (progressive weakness, pallor of the skin and mucous membranes, weight loss), as well as enlargement of the spleen (splenomegaly). The diagnosis is established on the…
Myeloma is a malignant proliferation of mature differentiated plasma cells, accompanied by increased production of monoclonal immunoglobulins, infiltration of the bone marrow, osteolysis and immunodeficiency. Disease occurs with pain in the bones, spontaneous fractures, the development of amyloidosis, polyneuropathy, nephropathy and CRF, hemorrhagic diathesis. The diagnosis is confirmed by the data of radiography of the…
Methemoglobinemia is a condition characterized by an increased content of methemoglobin (oxidized hemoglobin) in the blood and tissue hypoxia. The development of the disease is accompanied by acrocyanosis, weakness, headaches, dizziness, palpitations, shortness of breath during exercise. A characteristic feature of the pathology is the brown-chocolate color of the blood. To confirm the diagnosis, an…