Hemolytic anemia is a pathology of red blood cells, the hallmark of which is the accelerated destruction of red blood cells with the release of an increased amount of indirect bilirubin. For this group of diseases, a combination of anemic syndrome, jaundice and an increase in the size of the spleen is typical. In the…
Hemoglobinopathies are a group of severe hereditary blood diseases caused by a violation of the structure of hemoglobin or a decrease in the synthesis of one or more globin chains. The clinical picture is extremely diverse. Common symptoms are hemolytic anemia, enlargement of the spleen, bone damage. Diagnosis is carried out using peripheral blood smear…
Ulcerative stomatitis is an inflammatory disease of the oral cavity, accompanied by focal destruction of the mucous membrane. Pathology is manifested by edema and hyperemia of the oral mucosa, against which single or multiple bleeding and painful ulcers covered with plaque are formed. The ulcerative process is accompanied by halitosis, fever, regional lymphadenitis. Diagnosis includes…
Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis is an inflammatory lesion of the gum tissue, accompanied by erosion, ulceration and necrosis of the gingival margin. The course of disease is characterized by sharp pain that makes it difficult to eat; bad breath; hyperemia, swelling and bleeding of the gums with the formation of ulcers; an increase in the…
Dental erosion is a type of non–carious lesion characterized by the formation of enamel and dentin defects on the vestibular surface of the teeth. Areas of dental erosion are localized symmetrically: on incisors, canines, premolars; their formation leads to a change in the color of enamel, hyperesthesia of teeth, cosmetic defect. Pathology is detected by…
Exfoliative cheilitis is an inflammatory disease accompanied by a lesion of the red border of the lips. With dry exfoliative cheilitis, scales form on the lips, which are tightly soldered to the underlying tissue in the center, and on the periphery, on the contrary, are raised. At the same time, patients indicate a feeling of…
Black hairy tongue is an acquired benign condition characterized by the appearance of hypertrophied and elongated filamentous papillae on the dorsal surface of the tongue. Patients complain of dryness and a change in the appearance of the tongue. With significant hyperplasia of the filamentous papillae, there is a feeling of a foreign body in the…
Chronic sialadenitis is a sluggish inflammation of the salivary gland, which is characterized by alternating periods of exacerbations and remissions. There are no complaints during the latent phase of chronic sialadenitis. During the manifest stage, a painless swelling appears in the projection of the affected gland, salivation decreases, a feeling of heaviness and soreness periodically…
Chronic periodontitis is a long–term, infection-induced pathological process affecting all structures of the periodontal and leading to the destruction of its tissues and resorption of the alveoli. Disease is accompanied by itching and bleeding of the gums, the presence of supra- and subgingival dental deposits and periodontal pockets, halitosis, mobility and displacement of teeth, endogenous…
Cheilitis is an inflammatory process that affects the red border, the mucous membrane and the skin of the lips. It is manifested by swelling, redness, peeling of the lips, the appearance of bleeding ulcers, purulent crusts, burning and pain when opening the mouth and eating. Diagnosis is based on an external examination, it is possible…
