Odontogenic infection is any secondary infectious process, the source of which is inflammation of the parotid tissues. It includes such nosologies as odontogenic periostitis, osteomyelitis, sinusitis, head and neck phlegmons, lymphadenitis, etc. It is manifested by general (intoxication, fever) and local symptoms (pain, swelling of the affected area, purulent discharge, difficulty chewing and swallowing). Pathology…
Dentinogenesis imperfecta is a hereditary defect in the development of dentin. With type 1 of the disease, the teeth acquire a gray color, the shape of the crowns is more often within the normal range, pathological erasability is observed. Children complain of increased bleeding of the gums, the appearance of tooth mobility. In type 2,…
Amelogenesis imperfecta is a genetically determined violation of the structure of tooth enamel. The main complaints are reduced to a change in the color of teeth, an increase in their sensitivity, the appearance of depressions, furrows, and pits on the enamel surface. The diagnosis is based on the collected anamnesis, physical examination data, and X-ray…
Malocclusion is an abnormal closure of the dentition caused by maxillofacial deformity. It is manifested by aesthetic defects of appearance, impaired breathing, facial expressions, chewing, speech. It can be a risk factor for the development of frequent respiratory diseases, gastrointestinal diseases, caries. It is diagnosed during an orthodontic examination, including the manufacture and analysis of…
Pulp necrosis is the death of cells of the neurovascular bundle in the crown or root part of the tooth, resulting from complicated caries or traumatic damage to the tooth. The disease may be asymptomatic, but more often the main manifestation of pulp necrosis is a prolonged aching pain in the tooth from hot food.…
Micrognathia is a dental anomaly of a “skeletal” form, characterized by a decrease in the size of the upper or lower jaw. Patients may complain about unsatisfactory facial aesthetics. Diagnosis includes examination of the patient, a comprehensive orthodontic examination using radiation techniques (telerentgenography, computed tomography, orthopantomography), compilation of a photo protocol, removal of impressions of…
Microglossia is an underdevelopment or reduction in the size of the tongue due to congenital anomalies or acquired diseases. It is characterized by the presence of a visible defect (the tongue is reduced in size). In mild cases, microglossia is asymptomatic, in severe cases there is a violation of chewing and swallowing, articulation defects, inarticulate…
Macroglossia is a congenital or acquired enlargement of the tongue. Hypertrophy can be diffuse or partial. The tongue is massive, thick, and often protrudes outward. With pronounced macroglossia, episodes of nocturnal apnea occur, the functions of swallowing and speech are impaired. The examination includes an examination with the determination of the size of the lower…
Oral leukoplakia is the most common precancerous condition. After 50 years, leukoplakia is diagnosed in 1% of the population, while the incidence among men is twice as high as among women. Disease of the oral cavity is manifested by widespread or local lesions, which are grayish or white plaques of various localization. Pathology is characterized…
Xerostomia is insufficient salivation, accompanied by increased dryness of the oral mucosa. It is manifested by a feeling of dryness in the mouth and throat, burning of the tongue, difficulty chewing, swallowing, speech, taste disturbance and a feeling of metallic taste in the mouth. It is often a manifestation of the underlying disease (diabetes mellitus,…