Tooth luxation is a traumatic injury to a tooth with its displacement and damage to periodontal tissue. Depending on the degree of damage, the dislocation may be incomplete, complete and embedded. It is manifested by severe pain, displacement of the tooth in the dentition and its pathological mobility. It may be accompanied by periodontal inflammation…
Secondary caries is a new carious process that occurs in previously treated and sealed teeth, more often associated with insufficient treatment of the cavity and poor–quality filling. Symptoms are not pronounced for a long time, the color of the tooth enamel changes over time, chipped fillings appear, unpleasant sensations when exposed to cold, hot, sweet…
Hairy leukoplakia is a disease of the oral mucosa caused by the Epstein–Barr virus and developing against the background of immunosuppressive conditions. The pathology is most often diagnosed in patients with HIV, acute leukemia and taking immunosuppressive drugs. The lesion is a whitish or gray plaque that forms folds and plaques with a rough surface.…
Bottle caries is a group carious lesion of milk teeth in young children caused by an incorrect diet and insufficient oral hygiene of the child. Bottle caries affects the cervical areas of the upper incisors and canines and goes through several stages: the stage of demineralization, enamel destruction, destruction of the enamel-dentine junction, deep damage…
Bruxism is periodically occurring episodes of involuntary contraction of the masticatory muscles, accompanied by jaw clenching and gnashing of teeth. In addition to the main symptom – grinding teeth, bruxism can lead to pathological erasability and hyperesthesia of teeth, the formation of wedge-shaped defects, periodontal and TMJ pathology, pain in the masticatory muscles, headache, etc.…
Aphthous stomatitis is an inflammatory process of the oral mucosa, accompanied by a violation of the surface layer of the mucosa and the formation of aphth (erosions). The formation of AFT is accompanied by sharp soreness, burning in the mouth, especially during meals, an increase in lymph nodes, and sometimes an increase in temperature. Aphthae…
Apical periodontitis is an inflammation of the connective tissue complex that forms the dentoalveolar ligament (periodontium), localized around the tip of the root. In the acute form, apical periodontitis manifests itself as pain and swelling in the affected area, a reaction to hot, high body temperature and general malaise. Apical periodontitis is diagnosed during a…
Tongue abnormalities are a group of congenital dental diseases, the cause of which is a violation of the intrauterine bookmark and the development of the organ. Some anomalies represent a purely anatomical defect, while others seriously affect such important functions as sucking, eating, swallowing, and speech. The main diagnostic methods include clinical and instrumental examination…
Tooth ankylosis is a dentoalveolar fusion characterized by the death of the periodontal ligament and the fusion of cement with the alveolus. During examination, the ankylosed tooth is missing or displaced in the marginal direction. There is a dental alveolar elongation of the antagonist, shortening of the dental arch. On radiography, the absence of a periodontal…
Ameloblastoma is a benign odontogenic tumor of maxillofacial localization that causes destruction of bone tissue. As ameloblastoma develops, facial asymmetry occurs, there is a gradual deformation of the jaw, loosening and displacement of the dentition, violation of the chewing function. Ameloblastoma is diagnosed on the basis of anamnesis, symptoms detected during examination and necessary studies:…