Milk-alkali syndrome is a dysmetabolic disease that develops after ingestion of reabsorbed alkalis: milk, calcium carbonate, magnesium. It is characterized by hypercalcemia and alkalinization of the body. It is manifested by aversion to dairy food, nausea and vomiting, fatigue, apathy, itching of the skin. Kidney function is disrupted, joint and muscle pain occur. Diagnostics includes…
Type 2 diabetes is a chronic endocrine disease that develops due to insulin resistance and dysfunction of beta cells of the pancreas, characterized by a state of hyperglycemia. It is manifested by copious urination (polyuria), increased thirst (polydipsia), itching of the skin and mucous membranes, increased appetite, hot flashes, muscle weakness. The diagnosis is established based…
Type 1 diabetes is an endocrine disease characterized by insufficient insulin production and an increase in blood glucose levels. Due to prolonged hyperglycemia, patients suffer from thirst, lose weight, and get tired quickly. Muscle and headache, cramps, itching, increased appetite, frequent urination, insomnia, hot flashes are characteristic. Diagnostics includes a clinical survey, laboratory tests of blood…
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder, which is based on a deficiency in the formation of its own insulin and an increase in blood glucose levels. It is manifested by a feeling of thirst, an increase in the amount of urine excreted, increased appetite, weakness, dizziness, slow healing of wounds, etc. The disease is…
Thyroid cancer is a malignant nodular formation that develops from the follicular or parafollicular (C-cells) epithelium of the thyroid gland. There are follicular, papillary, medullary, anaplastic cancer and thyroid lymphoma, as well as its metastatic lesions. Clinically, thyroid cancer is manifested by difficulty swallowing, a feeling of compression and sore throat, hoarseness, cough, weight loss,…
Parathyroid cancer is a malignant formation of the parathyroid gland (PTG), occurring with severe hyperparathyroidism. The clinic of the disease is characterized by hypercalcemia (anorexia, vomiting, weight loss, thirst, polyuria, bone pain, muscle weakness, lethargy), dysphonia, the presence of a palpable tumor in the neck. Osteoporosis, nephrolithiasis, arrhythmias develop. Pathology is diagnosed according to the…
Pseudohypoparathyroidism (Albright’s disease) is a hereditary osteodystrophy caused by the resistance of peripheral tissues to parathyroid hormone, which is accompanied by a disorder of calcium-phosphorus metabolism, a delay in physical and mental development. Pseudohypoparathyroidism occurs with the phenomena of diffuse osteoporosis, tonic convulsions, fractures and deformities of bones, calcium deposition in muscles and vessels, formation…
Prolactinoma is a hormone–active tumor of the anterior pituitary gland that produces an excessive amount of the hormone prolactin. It is manifested by pathological milk secretion unrelated to childbirth (galactorrhea), irregular menstruation or their absence in women, decreased potency and sexual desire in men, with tumor progression – headache, impaired vision and consciousness. Depending on…
Lactation problems – various disorders of the secretory and excretory functions of the mammary glands, manifested by states of galactorrhea, hypogalactia, agalactia, lactostasis, etc. In nursing women after childbirth, hypogalactia is most common – insufficient milk production, as a rule, corrected by the correct technique and feeding regime. Pathological milk excretion from the mammary glands,…
Preobesity is an intermediate stage between normal body weight and obesity. This condition is characterized by an increase in weight by 15-20% of the norm. The disease is manifested by fatty deposits, shortness of breath, excessive sweating, an increase in blood pressure, a violation of glucose tolerance. Preobesity is diagnosed by calculating the body mass…