Ureteral stricture is an abnormal narrowing of the ureteral canal, completely or partially disrupting its patency. As a result of impaired urine outflow from the kidney, pathology causes the development of various diseases: pyelonephritis, stone formation, hydronephrosis, chronic renal failure, accompanied by characteristic symptoms. Ureteral stricture is diagnosed according to the results of urography, ultrasound,…
Renal artery stenosis is a narrowing of the diameter of one or both renal arteries or their branches, accompanied by a decrease in renal perfusion. It is manifested by the development of renovascular arterial hypertension (up to 200/140-170 mmHg) and ischemic nephropathy. Diagnosis is based on laboratory tests, ultrasound of renal vessels, excretory urography, renal…
Renal fusion is a congenital disorder of the relationship of the excretory organs, characterized by the fusion of both kidneys into one. It may be accompanied by pain syndrome, symptoms of compression of the inferior vena cava, secondary renal complications (hydronephrosis, chronic pyelonephritis, nephrolithiasis, nephrogenic hypertension). Diagnosis is based on the results of ultrasound, intravenous…
Bladder neck sclerosis is a scar deformity of the urethro-vesical junction caused by traumatic effects, inflammatory processes. It is manifested by difficulty urinating, sluggishness of the urine stream, dysuric phenomena. It is diagnosed using uroflowmetry, retrograde and mictional urethrography, ultrasound of the urinary organs, MSCT cystourethrography, posterior urethroscopy, cystoscopy. It is treated promptly by transurethral…
Skineitis is an acute or chronic recurrent infectious inflammation of the paraurethral glands. It is manifested by dysuria, dyspareunia, chronic pelvic pain. It is diagnosed by vaginal examination, urethroscopy, inoculation of a smear from the urethra, PCR diagnostics, ELISA. Conservative therapy of skineitis includes the appointment of antibacterial agents, NSAIDs, immunomodulatory and immunostimulating drugs. Surgical…
Bartter syndrome is a genetically determined tubulopathy, manifested by pronounced disorders of electrolyte metabolism (hypokalemia), acid-base balance (metabolic alkalosis), hypovolemia, compensatory hyperplasia of the juxtaglomerular (near-tubular) apparatus of the kidneys and secondary hyperaldosteronism. It is diagnosed according to clinical symptoms: polyuria, lag in psychomotor development, muscle hypotension, as well as laboratory indicators of blood and…
Bladder fistula is the presence of a pathological passage connecting the bladder with adjacent internal organs (vagina, intestines) or skin. Pathology is characterized by urine excretion through a communicating organ, permanent urinary tract infections. The scope of the diagnostic examination should include gynecological examination, ultrasound of the bladder and pelvic organs, cystoscopy, chromocystoscopy, fistulography, urography,…
Kidney sarcoma is a rare malignant neoplasm that develops from one or more progenitor cell lines of the mesenchymal kidney tissue (muscle, fat, vascular elements). Symptoms in the early stages may be absent, as the tumor grows, there are pulling pains in the lower back on the side of the lesion, macrohematuria, weakness. The diagnosis…
Urethral cancer is a malignant tumor of the urethra. In women, it is manifested by burning, pain, cuts, urethrorrhagia, urinary incontinence, contact bleeding. Men have difficulty urinating, hematuria, the presence of a palpable tumor, purulent discharge, erectile dysfunction. Diagnosis consists in urethroscopy, cystoscopy, neoplasm biopsy, urethrography, cystography, in men – cavernosography, prostatography. In women, the…
Kidney cancer is a histologically different variant of malignant neoplastic transformation of renal tissue. Clinical signs are renal symptoms (pain, hematuria, tumor-like formation) and extrarenal (general) manifestations. Diagnosis requires a thorough general clinical, laboratory, ultrasound, X-ray, tomographic, radioisotope examination of the urinary system. Radical or extended nephrectomy is indicated; immunotherapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy. Meaning Kidney…