Bladder cancer is a malignant tumor of the mucous membrane or wall of the bladder. Manifestations of pathology are hematuria, dysuria, pain over the pubis. Diagnosis requires cytological examination of urine, TUR biopsy, cystography, ultrasound of the bladder, tomography. The treatment program of the disease may include a surgical approach (bladder TUR, cystectomy, laser en-bloc…
Vesicoureteral reflux is a pathology characterized by a reverse flow of urine from the bladder to the ureter. It occurs with abnormalities of the excretory system, high pressure inside the bladder or against the background of inflammatory processes. Disease can cause pyelonephritis, hydronephrosis, kidney failure. The main symptoms are pain in the lumbar region after…
Prostatocystitis is a combined inflammation of the bladder and prostate gland. Symptoms correlate with the severity of the pathology, include discomfort in the perineum, frequent urination with a decrease in the amount of urine excreted, a feeling of incomplete emptying. Diagnosis is based on ultrasound of the bladder, transrectal finger and ultrasound examination of the…
Prostatitis is an inflammatory disease of the prostate gland. It is manifested by frequent urination, pain in the penis, scrotum, rectum, sexual disorders (erectile dysfunction, early ejaculation, etc.), sometimes urinary retention, an admixture of blood in urine. The diagnosis of prostatitis is established by a urologist or andrologist according to the typical clinical picture, the…
Renal tubular acidosis is a type of tubulopathy, which is accompanied by an imbalance of electrolytes due to a failure of the excretion of hydrogen ions (I), a violation of the reverse absorption of bicarbonates (II), abnormal production of aldosterone or interaction with it (IV). Type III is casually rare. The course may be asymptomatic…
Renal papillary necrosis is the destruction of the papillae of the kidneys caused by ischemia of the malpighian pyramids. It is manifested by episodes of renal colic, pulling pains in the lower back, hematuria, discharge of necrotic papillae. It is diagnosed by general and bacteriological analysis of urine, excretory urography, ureteropyeloscopy. Antibacterial therapy, peripheral vasodilators,…
Renal cell carcinoma is a malignant tumor originating from the epithelium lining the renal tubules. The clinic includes general symptoms (malaise, weight loss, subfebrility), local manifestations (macrohematuria, pain, palpable formation) and signs of metastasis. Diagnosis is based on excretory radiography, selective renal angiography, ultrasound, CT and MRI, kidney biopsy. Treatment is determined by the stage…
Renal osteodystrophy is a change in bone morphology in patients with chronic kidney disease caused by a violation of bone mineral metabolism. Symptoms include pathological fractures, bone pain, skeletal deformity. Diagnosis is based on biopsy data, radiography, densitometry, CT and MRI, markers of bone metabolism. Treatment involves correction of calcium-phosphorus metabolism: vitamin D metabolites, phosphate-binding…
Renal colic is an acute pain attack caused by a sudden violation of the passage of urine, an increase in intracranial pressure. It is characterized by pronounced cramping pains in the lower back, spreading down the ureter, frequent and painful urination, nausea and vomiting, psychomotor agitation. Relief of the attack is carried out with the…
Urethral polyp is a benign neoplasm of a rounded shape on the leg, emanating from the epithelial layer of the urethra wall. It is clinically manifested by pain, burning in the urethra, a feeling of mechanical obstruction during urination, sometimes ‒ bloody or purulent discharge, acute urinary retention. It is diagnosed by examination and palpation…