Paraneoplastic nephropathy is damage to the filtering apparatus of the kidneys caused by metabolic and immunological disorders in oncological diseases. It is manifested by weakness, swelling, hypertension, heaviness and pain in the lumbar region, the release of foamy urine, weight loss, fever, arthralgia, chilly fingers. It is diagnosed using laboratory methods, intravenous urography, nephroscintigraphy, ultrasound…
Papillary adenocarcinoma of the kidney is a histological type of cancer affecting the cup-pelvic system of the kidney. It is manifested by hematuria, lower back pain, the nature and intensity of which can reach the degree of renal colic; weakness, weight loss. Diagnosis requires kidney ultrasound, urography, renal angiography, CT, radioisotope scintigraphy, MRI. Radical surgical…
Kidney transplant rejection is an immune reaction of the recipient’s body to foreign antigens of the donor kidney. In acute course, it manifests itself as a flu-like syndrome, oligoanuria, compaction and soreness of the transplanted organ, arterial hypertension. Chronic rejection before the appearance of CRF is usually determined only in the laboratory. Pathology is diagnosed…
Acute cystitis is an inflammation of the inner lining of the bladder of infectious origin, usually not complicated by structural and functional changes on the part of the urinary system. It is manifested by frequent painful urination, the presence of pus and blood in the urine, subfebrility. It is diagnosed by clinical manifestations, general urine…
Acute tubular necrosis is one of the morphological variants of acute renal failure (acute renal failure), which is manifested by the destruction of the tubular epithelium of the kidneys. Pathology occurs with ischemic, nephrotoxic or inflammatory damage to the tubules. The disease proceeds with a typical clinical picture of renal insufficiency and is characterized by…
Acute prostatitis is an infectious and inflammatory lesion of the prostate gland, accompanied by edema and the formation of purulent foci in the prostate tissues. Manifestations depend on the stage of pathology (catarrhal, follicular, parenchymal, abscessing) and may include dysuric disorders, perineal pain, fever, intoxication. Diagnosis is based on prostate palpation, ultrasound and dopplerometry of…
Acute pyelonephritis is a nonspecific inflammatory lesion of the kidney parenchyma. The pathology is characterized by high fever with chills and sweating, headache, myalgia, arthralgia, general malaise, lower back pain, changes in urine by type of leukocyturia and pyuria. Diagnostics includes microscopic and bacteriological examination of urine, ultrasound of the kidneys; if necessary, excretory urography,…
Acute glomerulonephritis is an immuno–inflammatory disease characterized by the involvement of structural units of the kidneys – nephrons and predominant damage to the glomerular apparatus. Pathology proceeds with the development of extrarenal syndromes (edematous and hypertensive) and renal manifestations (urinary syndrome). In the diagnosis, urine examination (general analysis, Rehberg, Zimnitsky, Nechiporenko test), kidney ultrasound, biochemical…
Acute renal failure is a potentially reversible, sudden onset of severe impairment or cessation of renal function. It is characterized by a violation of all renal functions (secretory, excretory and filtration), pronounced changes in the water-electrolyte balance, rapidly increasing azotemia. Diagnosis is carried out according to clinical and biochemical blood and urine tests, as well…
Acute urinary retention is a pathological condition caused by the inability to empty the bladder. It is manifested by pain in the lower abdomen and in the perineum, radiating into the genital area, strong anxiety of the patient. Diagnosis is made on the basis of anamnesis data, the clinical picture and complaints of the patient,…