Complications of kidney transplantation are disorders etiologically associated with nephrotransplant transplantation. In the early period, hyperthermia, oligoanuria, arterial hypertension, pain in the graft area are manifested. Late complications of kidney transplantation are asymptomatic for a long time, and subsequently signs of renal failure and disorders in the work of other organs prevail. Pathology is diagnosed…
Ureteral tumors are primary and metastatic neoplasms of the excretory duct connecting the renal pelvis with the bladder. Neoplasia is manifested by hematuria, lower back pain on the side of the lesion. The diagnosis takes into account the data of ultrasound, ureteroscopy, excretory urography, retrograde ureteropyelography and transuretheral biopsy. Taking into account the morphological structure…
Renal oncocytoma is a non–malignant neoplasm of the renal parenchyma formed from epithelial cells (oncocytes) of the distal collecting tubules. It often proceeds asymptomatically, sometimes causes macrohematuria, aching lower back pain, increased blood pressure, secondary varicocele on the affected side. Ultrasound of the kidneys, radiation methods (MRI, CT, PET-CT), biopsy are used for diagnosis and…
Obstructive uropathy is a syndrome that occurs when there is a violation of the outflow of urine in any part of the urinary tract. The cause of the disease are congenital anomalies of the urinary tract, urolithiasis, volumetric neoplasms of the pelvic organs and functional disorders. Uropathy is manifested by non-localized abdominal pain, difficulty or…
Nephrotic syndrome is a symptom complex that develops against the background of kidney damage, including massive proteinuria, protein–lipid metabolism disorders and edema. Pathology is accompanied by hypoalbuminemia, dysproteinemia, hyperlipidemia, edema of various localization (up to anasarca and dropsy of serous cavities), dystrophic changes of the skin and mucous membranes. The clinical and laboratory picture plays…
Nephrosclerosis is a pathological condition caused by the death of nephrons, their replacement by connective tissue with an increase in renal failure. It is manifested by polyuria, nocturia, hypertension, swelling, discomfort in the lower back, in the later stages — oliguria, hematuria, intoxication. It is diagnosed by laboratory tests, ultrasound, CT, MSCT of the kidneys,…
Nephroptosis is a pathological mobility of the kidney, manifested by the displacement of the organ beyond its anatomical bed. Minor and moderate nephroptosis is asymptomatic; with disorders of urodynamics and hemodynamics, lower back pain, hematuria, arterial hypertension, pyelonephritis, hydronephrosis, nephrolithiasis occur. Pathology recognition is carried out using ultrasound of the kidneys, excretory urography, angiography, MSCT,…
Nephritic syndrome is a complex of signs of renal pathology, which includes edema, hematuria and arterial hypertension. It occurs in various forms of glomerular disorders: postinfectious and rapidly progressing glomerulonephritis, IgA nephropathy, hereditary and autoimmune nephropathies. The syndrome is manifested by swelling of the face and lower extremities, urine discharge of the color of “meat…
Neurogenic bladder is a dysfunction of the bladder caused by congenital or acquired pathology of the nervous system. Depending on the state of the detrusor, hyper- and hyporeflective types of pathology are differentiated. The disease can manifest itself as pollakiuria, urinary incontinence or its pathological delay. Diagnosis of the syndrome consists in a complete neurological…
Urinary incontinence is an involuntary outflow of urine that cannot be controlled by volitional effort. Pathology is widespread all over the world. Data on the prevalence are contradictory, which is explained both by differences in the choice of the studied populations, and by the fact that only a small part of patients suffering from various…