Gallstone pancreatitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the pancreas, which occurs as a result of damage to the liver and VVP (bile ducts). It is manifested by biliary colic, dyspeptic phenomena, jaundice, diabetes mellitus and weight loss. The diagnosis is made after ultrasound of the hepatobiliary system, CT or MRI of the abdominal organs,…
Gallstone ileus is one of the variants of mechanical intestinal obstruction caused by blockage of the intestine by a gallstone. Pathology occurs during the formation of a biliodigestive fistula, through which large concretions enter the gastrointestinal tract. Symptoms of the disease include spastic pains throughout the abdomen, acute retention of stool and gases, increasing intoxication…
Protein-energy malnutrition (BEM) is a pathological condition characterized by a deficiency of nutrients, energy and negatively affects the work of all body systems. The main signs of pathology are the loss of more than 10% of the initial weight in a short time, asthenovegetative syndrome, dryness and pallor of the skin. Diagnostic search involves performing physical…
Femoral hernia is a tumor–like protrusion formed when the loops of the intestine and omentum exit the abdominal cavity through the femoral ring. It is manifested by the presence of a sac-like protrusion in the area of the femoral triangle in the vertical position of the body, pain. If a hernia is infringed, intestinal obstruction…
Acholia is a clinical syndrome that occurs when the flow of bile into the small intestine stops. Pathology develops as a complication of cholelithiasis, neoplasms of the pancreato-hepatobiliary zone, viral and toxic hepatitis. The main feature is light gray feces, which contains drops of fat and undigested protein fibers. Ultrasound and CT of the hepatobiliary…
Achlorhydria is the absence of free hydrochloric acid in the stomach cavity due to a violation of its production by lining cells. It is manifested by a feeling of bursting and heaviness in the stomach, pain in the epigastrium, nausea, belching, bloating. A diagnosis can be made when performing EGD with congo-mouth staining, gastric biopsy…
Achalasia cardia is a lack of relaxation or insufficient relaxation of the lower esophagus of neurogenic etiology. It is accompanied by a disorder of the reflex opening of the cardiac orifice during the act of swallowing and a violation of the ingestion of food masses from the esophagus into the stomach. Disease is manifested by…
Autoimmune pancreatitis is a rare systemic disease of the pancreas and other organs caused by damage to connective tissue by G4 immunoglobulins. It is manifested by abdominal pain, jaundice syndrome, dyspepsia, changes in stool and signs of malnutrition. It is diagnosed by ultrasound, MRI of the pancreatic gland, coprogram, determination of the level of immunoglobulins…
Autoimmune hepatitis is a progressive chronic inflammation of the liver, occurring with signs of a periportal or more extensive lesion and the presence of autoantibodies to liver cells. Clinical manifestations include asthenovegetative disorders, jaundice, pain in the right hypochondrium, skin rashes, hepatomegaly and splenomegaly, amenorrhea in women, gynecomastia in men. Diagnosis is based on serological…
Pancreatic atrophy is a decrease in the volume of the organ, manifested by the insufficiency of the external secretory (production of digestive enzymes, bicarbonate) and intrasecretory (synthesis of insulin, glucagon) functions. The most common causes of pathology are chronic pancreatitis, diabetes mellitus, somatic diseases with severe exhaustion, as well as cirrhosis of the liver, impaired…