Hereditary nephritis is a genetically determined nonimmune glomerulopathy that often leads to kidney failure. It is manifested by asthenic, intoxication syndromes, delayed physical development in children, macrohematuria, polyuria, nocturia, edema, arterial hypertension. It is diagnosed using a general urinalysis, puncture biopsy, electron microscopy. Symptomatic therapy with ACE inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, immunomodulators, anabolics, calcineurin inhibitors…
Urolithiasis is a common urological disease manifested by the formation of stones in various parts of the urinary system, most often in the kidneys and bladder. There is often a tendency to severe recurrent course of urolithiasis. Urolithiasis is diagnosed according to clinical symptoms, the results of X-ray examination, CT, ultrasound of the kidneys and…
Urethral syndrome is a laboratory syndrome that includes proteinuria, hematuria, leukocyturia and cylindruria. The listed violations occur all together or manifest themselves in various combinations of 2-3 signs. Pathology is observed in glomerulonephritis, pyelonephritis, urolithiasis and other types of kidney damage. The main symptoms: swelling on the face, pain in the lower back or lower…
Membranous glomerulonephritis is a disease characterized by damage to the glomeruli of the nephron with the development of nephrotic syndrome and renal failure. At the initial stages, the course is asymptomatic, in the future there are pain in the lower back, oliguria, swelling of subcutaneous fat. Diagnosis is carried out through laboratory tests (general blood…
Megacalicosis is an enlargement of the kidney cups with a defect in the development of the malpighian pyramids, not associated with obstruction. Pathology is attributed to congenital diseases of the cup-medullary system of the kidney. Symptoms appear with the development of complications, including pain in the lumbar region, fever with chills, discomfort with frequent urination.…
Malakoplakia is a tumor—like granulomatous inflammatory lesion of the urinary organs, gonads, intestines with the formation of soft plaques or yellow nodules on the mucosa and interstitial. Depending on the localization, it is manifested by frequent painful urination, hematuria, lower back pain, in severe cases — hyperthermia, arterial hypertension. It is diagnosed by cystoscopy, ultrasound,…
Radiation cystitis is a reaction of bladder tissues to ionizing radiation carried out as part of the treatment of malignant pelvic tumors. The symptoms depend on the radiation load received, range from minor discomfort during urination, frequent urge and microhematuria to severe pain, the appearance of recurrent bleeding, life-threatening. The diagnosis is confirmed by urinalysis,…
Lipoid nephrosis is a disease characterized by a dystrophic lesion of the glomeruli with the development of nephrotic syndrome. At the initial stages, the symptoms are not determined, further edema of subcutaneous fat, weakness, severe thirst, appetite disorders develop. Diagnosis is based on the results of laboratory tests (general and biochemical blood and urine tests),…
Drug nephropathy is an acute or chronic lesion of the renal glomeruli, tubules, interstitium caused by taking medications. It is manifested by polyuria, oligoanuria, nocturia, hematuria, lower back pain, asthenic, edematous and hypertensive syndromes. It is diagnosed on the basis of general and biochemical blood, urine, ultrasound, CT, MRI of the kidneys, urography, nephroscintigraphy, renal…
Bladder leukoplakia is a metaplasia (degeneration) of the urothelium into a multilayered squamous epithelium, sometimes with keratinization. Symptoms may be absent, sometimes pathology is clinically manifested by frequent urination with discomfort, urgent urges, chronic pelvic pain syndrome. Diagnosis involves cystoscopy with biopsy, final verification is performed using morphological examination. Treatment can be conservative – antibiotics,…