Foreign body in bladder is a foreign object that has entered the bladder cavity retrograde, descending or through damaged walls. There may be pain in the lower abdomen, dysuria, hematuria, pyuria; sometimes alkaline cystitis, pyelonephritis, urolithiasis develops, fistula formation is observed. The diagnosis is confirmed by ultrasound examination of the bladder, examination cystoscopy and radiopaque…
Encrusting cystitis is an inflammatory process in the bladder, accompanied by parietal deposition of salts formed during the cleavage of urea by urease–producing corynebacteria. The course of the disease is characterized by suprapubic pains, frequent painful urination, hematuria, discharge of small salt crystals with urine. Diagnostic tests include urine tests, cystoscopy with biopsy, ultrasound, cystography,…
Renal granular cell carcinoma is a histological form of renal cell carcinoma developing from the parenchyma of the organ. It is manifested by renal (hematuria, pain, palpable tumor) and extrarenal (fever, weakness, weight loss, etc.) symptoms. The diagnosis is established on the basis of ultrasound of the kidneys, excretory urography, angiography, MRI, CT, radioisotope scintigraphy. Treatment…
Cardiorenal syndrome is a complex of changes in the structure of kidney tissues that develops against the background of circulatory insufficiency, including venous hyperemia and dystrophy of convoluted tubules. The severity of symptoms correlates with the degree of circulatory disorders. For the obvious stage, a decrease in daily diuresis, a predominance of nocturnal urination over…
Urinary retention is a pathological condition characterized by a violation or impossibility of normal emptying of the bladder. Symptoms are pain in the pubic region and lower abdomen, very strong persistent urge to urinate and the resulting psychomotor agitation of the patient, a noticeable weakening of urine excretion or its absence. Diagnosis is based on…
Benign bladder tumors are a group of epithelial and non–epithelial neoplasms originating from various layers of the bladder wall and growing inside its cavity. Neoplasia can be manifested by hematuria of varying intensity, frequent urination and false urges, soreness. Diagnosis requires ultrasound, cystoscopy with biopsy, descending cystography. Treatment for benign tumors is surgical – transurethral…
Ectopic kidney is a congenital disorder of the topography of the kidney, in which the organ may be located low, displaced into the pelvic cavity, sacroiliac region, chest, etc. There may be pain in the lower back or abdomen, dysuric and digestive disorders, as well as urolithiasis, pyelonephritis, hydronephrosis. Pathology is diagnosed by ultrasound of…
Urethral diverticulum is a sac–like depression in the wall of the urethra, communicating with it through a narrow neck. Clinical manifestations of urethral diverticulum include dysuria, urine leakage after urination, dyspareunia. Diagnosis is based on the data of urethral palpation, urethroscopy, miction and retrograde cystourethrography. In women, differentiation with gynecological pathology is carried out. Treatment…
Bladder diverticulum is a sac–like depression in the wall of the bladder, which communicates with the main cavity of the organ through the channel – the neck of the diverticulum. The disease is manifested by difficulty urinating, carried out in two doses; it can be complicated by the development of cystitis, urolithiasis, pyelonephritis. Disease is…
Medullary sponge kidney is a congenital multicystic deformity of the collecting renal tubules of the Malpighian pyramids, giving the renal tissue the appearance of a finely porous sponge. With the development of complications of the medullary sponge kidney (nephrocalcinosis and pyelonephritis), renal colic, hematuria, and pyuria are observed. Pathology is detected with excretory urography, retrograde…