Hydrocele is an accumulation of fluid between the vaginal membranes of the testicle. It is an independent pathology or accompanies some diseases: tumors of the appendage or testicle, hydatide, inflammatory process, etc. Symptoms are represented by an increase in the scrotum on the side of the lesion (or on both sides with bilateral dropsy of…
Vesiculitis is an inflammation of the seminal vesicles. Affects mainly men at the age of sexual activity. In an isolated state, the disease rarely occurs, in most cases it accompanies prostatitis. The leading clinical signs are an admixture of blood in semen and painful erections. With a long process, changes in the spermogram are recorded.…
Rapidly progressing glomerulonephritis is an aggressively occurring lesion of the glomerular apparatus, accompanied by the formation of cellular half-moons in more than half of the renal glomeruli. It is manifested by the clinic of nephritic syndrome: hematuria, proteinuria, oliguria, edema, arterial hypertension. Kidney failure develops within a few days to weeks or months. It is…
Retroperitoneal fibrosis is a variant of mesynchymopathy, a nonspecific fibrosclerotic process that develops in the connective tissue of the retroperitoneal space. Manifestations are caused by compression of the ureters, blood vessels and kidneys. The main symptoms are lumbar and abdominal pain, discomfort in the groin area. In advanced cases, CRF is joined, edema, nausea, and…
IgA nephropathy is a form of glomerulonephritis of an infectious autoimmune nature, characterized by mesangioproliferative inflammation with deposition of immune complexes. The clinical course is accompanied by periodic macrohematuria shortly after infectious diseases of the respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, occasionally permanent microhematuria, proteinuria, nephrotic syndrome with intermittent acute renal failure is possible. Diagnosis is based…
Balkan endemic nephropathy is a non—inflammatory tubulointerstitial lesion of the renal parenchyma in people living in endemic regions of the Balkans. It is manifested by asthenic syndrome, lower back pain, pallor and copper tinge of the skin, xanthochromia, macrohematuria, polyuria, polydipsia. It is diagnosed with the help of general and biochemical blood tests, urine, ultrasound,…
Apostematous pyelonephritis is an acute purulent–inflammatory disease characterized by the formation of multiple abscesses in the parenchyma (medulla) of one or both kidneys. Symptoms are a sharp increase in temperature, chills, pain in the lumbar region, manifestations of general intoxication (headache, nausea, vomiting), rigidity of the abdominal muscles. Diagnosis is made on the basis of…
Renal angiolipoma is a tumor formation of unclear etiology, mainly of a benign nature. Invasive growth into the vessels or germination of the organ capsule is extremely rare. It usually proceeds asymptomatically. With a size of more than 4 centimeters, lower back pain, hematuria, detection by palpation are possible, with neoplasia of more than 5 cm,…
Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis is a progressive destructive and inflammatory joint lesion in children that developed before the age of 16 and is combined with extra–articular pathology. The articular form of the disease is manifested by edema, deformation, contracture of large and small joints of the extremities, the cervical spine; the systemic form is accompanied by…
Libman-Sacks endocarditis is a lesion of the endocardium (the inner lining of the heart and valves) in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In most cases, it proceeds asymptomatically or with an extremely erased clinical picture. Sometimes there may be palpitations, pain in the heart, subfebrile fever. The diagnosis is made on the basis of clinical and…
