Microscopic polyangiitis is a generalized necrotizing vasculitis that occurs with a predominant lesion of small vessels (capillaries, arterioles, venules) of the lungs, kidneys and skin. With microscopic polyangiitis, cough, shortness of breath, chest pain, pulmonary bleeding, rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis, renal failure, cutaneous petechial rashes, arthralgia may be noted. Laboratory confirmation of microscopic polyangiitis is the…
Medicinal lupus is a reversible lupus–like syndrome caused by taking medications. Clinical manifestations of medicinal lupus are similar to SLE and include fever, arthralgia, myalgia, polyarthritis, pleurisy, pneumonitis, hepatomegaly, glomerulonephritis. The diagnosis is based on characteristic laboratory criteria (determination of antinuclear factor, antinuclear antibodies, LE cells in the blood) and the relationship of symptoms with…
Medicinal arthropathy is a collective concept that includes a large group of diseases caused by joint damage when taking medications. It is clinically manifested by joint pain, local redness of the skin, swelling of the periarticular tissues, synovial effusion, difficulty in movement. Pathology is diagnosed mainly on the basis of symptoms and anamnestic data. In…
Leukocytoclastic vasculitis is a chronic disease characterized by inflammation of small vessels of the skin. By its nature, it often has a secondary nature, develops against the background of rheumatological diseases, viral infections, malignant neoplasms. In the primary form, the lesion is isolated, the internal organs remain intact. Clinically, the disease is manifested by various…
Cryoglobulinemia is a syndrome caused by the presence of precipitate proteins (cryoglobulins) in the blood serum, capable of precipitation at temperatures below 37 ° C. Manifestations of cryoglobulinemia may include hemorrhagic rash, Raynaud’s syndrome, arthralgia, peripheral polyneuropathy, hepatosplenomegaly, glomerulonephritis and renal failure. Diagnostic tests of cryoglobulinemia are blood tests for serum cryoglobulin, RF, anti-HCV, etc.;…
Collagenosis are a group of diseases united by the same type of functional and morphological changes on the part of connective tissue (mainly collagen–containing fibers). A characteristic manifestation of collagenosis is a progressive course, involvement in the pathological process of various internal organs, blood vessels, skin, musculoskeletal systems. Diagnosis is based on multiple organ lesions,…
Infectious arthritis is an inflammatory joint disease of bacterial, viral, parasitic or fungal etiology. Disease can affect various joints and, in addition to local manifestations (swelling, hyperemia, soreness, restriction of movement in the joint), is accompanied by pronounced general symptoms (fever, chills, intoxication syndrome). The diagnosis of infectious arthritis is based on the data of…
Intermittent hydrarthrosis is a chronic, constantly recurring disease, manifested by acute attacks of hyperproduction of synovial fluid with an increase in joint volume, discomfort and stiffness in it. It is characterized by the defeat of large joints, most often the knee. Diagnosis includes examination of blood and synovial fluid, ultrasound and radiography of the joint,…
Discoid lupus erythematosus is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune skin disease that develops against the background of photosensitization (hypersensitivity to light). Clinical manifestations include erythema, scarring of the skin, follicular hyperkeratosis, hair loss, nail damage. The diagnosis is made on the basis of symptoms, anamnestic data, the presence of lupus cells in the blood, immunological tests…
Deforming osteoarthritis is a progressive dystrophic change in bone joints with primary damage to cartilage tissues and subsequent degeneration of the entire complex of the bone and joint apparatus. Disease is characterized by arthralgia, functional insufficiency of the joints and pronounced changes in their shape. Pharmacotherapy of deforming osteoarthritis is aimed at slowing the progression…