Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia is a pathological condition accompanied by the formation of foci of growth of prostate cells with signs of their atypical degeneration. It is asymptomatic. It is considered by specialists as a morphological precursor of prostate cancer with a high probability of malignant transformation. The diagnosis is made taking into account the data…
Precancer is a group of congenital and acquired pathological conditions that precede the development of an oncological lesion, but do not always transform into a malignant tumor. It can be optional or obligatory. The group of precancers includes a large number of inflammatory, non-inflammatory and dystrophic diseases, malformations, age-related changes and benign neoplasia. It is…
Squamous cell skin cancer is a malignant neoplasia originating from the spiny layer of the epidermis. It is formed on unchanged skin or occurs against the background of precancerous diseases. It has a high, medium or low level of cell differentiation, can be exophytic or endophytic, keratinizing or non-keratinizing. It is a knot or ulcer…
Primary multiple tumors are neoplasms that occur simultaneously or after a certain period of time and are not metastases of each other. They can be benign or malignant, multicentrically located in one organ, occur in paired organs, localized within one system or several systems. They arise as a result of somatic mutations or hereditary genetic…
Paraneoplastic syndrome is a complex of clinical and laboratory signs of cancer that are not associated with the growth of primary neoplasms and the appearance of metastases. It is caused by a nonspecific reaction of the body and the release of biologically active compounds by the tumor. It is manifested by endocrine, dermatological, cardiovascular, neuromuscular,…
Papillary thyroid cancer is the most common type of thyroid carcinoma. It is characterized by a relatively favorable course. The first manifestation is usually a painless node in the affected area. With the progression of the process, difficulty swallowing and breathing, tickling and sore throat, enlargement of cervical lymph nodes are possible. When making a…
Acute myeloid leukemia is a malignant disease of the blood system, accompanied by uncontrolled proliferation of altered white blood cells, a decrease in the number of red blood cells, platelets and normal white blood cells. It is manifested by an increased tendency to develop infections, fever, fatigue, weight loss, anemia, bleeding, the formation of petechiae…
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia is a malignant lesion of the hematopoiesis system, accompanied by an uncontrolled increase in the number of lymphoblasts. It is manifested by anemia, symptoms of intoxication, enlarged lymph nodes, liver and spleen, increased bleeding and respiratory disorders. Due to a decrease in immunity in acute lymphoblastic leukemia, infectious diseases often develop. CNS…
Chemotherapy side effects are a complex of negative reactions and diseases that occur at different times during the course of taking cytostatics and after completion of treatment. The list of side effects is extensive: from dyspeptic disorders and mucositis to septic conditions and severe immunodeficiency. To monitor the condition of patients during chemotherapy, regular blood…
Wilms tumor is a highly malignant neoplasm affecting the parenchyma of the kidneys. Develops in young children. It often proceeds asymptomatically and is detected during the next examination. When germinating into the cup system, macrohematuria occurs, when germinating into the surrounding tissues, pain syndrome occurs. Weakness, malaise, hyperthermia, increased blood pressure, nausea, vomiting and stool…