Glucagonoma is a glucagon–producing tumor originating from the cells of the islets of Langerhans, located mainly in the tail of the pancreas. It usually proceeds malignantly. Glucagonoma is manifested by hyperglycemia, hypolipidemia, weight loss, anemia, characteristic chronic erythematous skin rashes with areas of superficial necrosis, stomatitis, glossitis and gingivitis. Diarrhea, thrombosis, thromboembolism, balanitis and vaginitis…
Germ cell tumors are a group of neoplasms that develop from the primary germ cells of the gonads. They can occur both in the testicles or ovaries, and extragonadally. The manifestations depend on the localization. With superficially located neoplasms, visible deformation is observed, with nodes in the ovary, pain, dysuria and menstrual cycle disorders are…
Spinal hemangioma is a benign tumor affecting one, rarely several vertebrae. It is one of the most common neoplasms of the spine. Not prone to malignant degeneration. In most cases, it is asymptomatic. Less often causes pain syndrome. It can cause pathological fractures of the spine, accompanied by compression of the spinal cord or nerve…
Gastrointestinal stromal tumor are a group of rare malignant neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract of mesenchymal origin. Clinical manifestations depend on the localization of neoplasia. There may be a feeling of rapid saturation, pain, bloating, bleeding and intestinal obstruction. In the later stages, weight loss, fever, anemia, hyperthermia and dysfunction of organs affected by distant…
Castleman disease is a lymphoproliferative disease that affects one or more groups of lymph nodes. Pathology has an unclear etiology, among the risk factors are HIV infection, autoimmune processes, infection with herpesviruses. The disease is manifested by an increase in one or more lymph nodes, intoxication syndrome, dyspeptic and dysuric phenomena. Instrumental imaging (ultrasound, CT,…
Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy is a form of generalized epilepsy, the clinical picture of which is based on myoclonic seizures — asynchronous muscle contractions that occur briefly in symmetrical areas of the body, mainly in the arms and shoulder girdle. Along with myoclonic episodes, absences and clonic-tonic generalized epiprimes may be observed in the clinic. Juvenile…
Juvenile absence epilepsy is an idiopathic variant of epilepsy that manifests in adolescence. The basis of symptoms are generalized epileptic seizures in the form of absences and episodes of tonic-clonic seizures. Intellectual decline and gross mental disorders are atypical. Diagnostics includes assessment of neurological status and psyche, electroencephalography, MRI of the brain. Monotherapy or combined…
Juvenile parkinsonism is a genetically determined form of early Parkinsonism, manifesting before the age of 25. Typical features of the clinical picture are symmetry of manifestations, static and kinetic trembling, pyramidal signs, elements of dyskinesia, intellectual preservation. Instrumental diagnostics includes EEG, EMG, brain MRI, PET. Genetic research is carried out: genealogical analysis, DNA diagnostics. Treatment…
Cerebral echinococcosis is a disease caused by the penetration of echinococcus larvae into the brain with the formation of single or multiple cysts—bubbles. Depending on the location, it is manifested by headaches, epileptic seizures, paresis, visual impairment, mental disorder. The basis for the diagnosis is the presence of a cyst according to tomography, an increasing…
Esthesioneuroblastoma is a malignant neoplasm of olfactory neuroepithelial cells that occurs in the nasal cavity and spreads rapidly into the paranasal sinuses, the cavity of the eye socket, the latticed bone and the base of the skull. The main symptoms are: nasal congestion, abundant mucous discharge, anosmia, swelling of the zygomatic area. In the diagnosis…