Essential tremor is a hereditary type of hyperkinesis, manifested by kinetic and postural trembling of the hands, head, lower jaw, lips, eyelids, vocal cords, less often — legs, trunk. It is diagnosed mainly clinically. The exclusion of secondary tremors is carried out with the help of biochemical analyses, hormonal studies, MRI and CT of the…
Erythromelalgia is a chronic angiotrophoneurosis, manifested by paroxysms of local burning pain with swelling and sharp redness of the skin. As a rule, it occurs in the feet, less often in the hands, the area of the auricles, nose. It can have a primary and secondary character. Pathology is diagnosed according to a typical seizure…
Status epilepticus is one epiprime lasting more than 30 minutes, or a series of seizures of the same duration, between which there is no complete or almost complete restoration of consciousness and normalization of the state. Disease can have a convulsive and non-convulsive form, occur against the background of epilepsy or be symptomatic. Diagnosis is…
Epilepsy is a condition characterized by repeated (more than two) epileptic seizures, not provoked by any immediately identifiable causes. Epileptic seizure is a clinical manifestation of abnormal and excessive discharge of neurons of the brain, causing sudden transient pathological phenomena (sensitive, motor, mental, vegetative symptoms, changes in consciousness). It should be remembered that several epileptic…
Epidural hematoma is an accumulation of blood that fills the space formed as a result of trauma between the bones of the skull and the dura mater. In typical cases, it is characterized by a violation of consciousness with the presence of a light period, signs of intracranial hypertension and compression of the brain, focal…
Spinal ependymoma is a tumor formation from the cells of the ependyma of the spinal canal, which has a different degree of malignancy. It is manifested by local pain in the spine (less often by the radicular nature of pain), sensitivity disorders, peripheral and central paresis, violation of urination, defecation. The final diagnosis is established…
Brain ependymoma is a tumor from the ependymal tissue of the ventricular system of the brain. It is clinically manifested, first of all, by signs of increased intracranial pressure, as well as ataxia, visual and hearing disorders, convulsive seizures, speech and swallowing disorders. Diagnosis is carried out mainly with the help of MRI of the brain,…
Hashimoto’s encephalopathy is a degenerative inflammatory brain disease of autoimmune etiology associated with increased production of antibodies to thyroperoxidase (anti-TPO) and thyroglobulin (anti-TG) of the thyroid gland. It manifests itself in two types of disorders: in some cases, neurological symptoms and stroke-like attacks prevail, in others – a disorder of cognitive functions in the form…
Encephalopathy is a generalizing name for pathological processes that are diverse in their genesis, the basis of which is the degeneration of brain neurons due to a violation of their metabolism. Encephalopathy is manifested by polymorphic neurological disorders, disorders in the intellectual-mnestic and emotional-volitional sphere. The diagnostic search consists of a comprehensive neurological examination and…
St Louis encephalitis is a naturally focal viral neuroinfection that mainly affects the membranes and substance of the brain. Debuts acutely infectious, meningeal and cerebral symptoms. There are disorders of consciousness, headache, vomiting, spastic muscle hypertonus, paresis, depression of abdominal and tendon reflexes, episyndrome. The diagnosis is made taking into account epidemiological data, the results…