Traumatic brain injury is damage to the bones of the skull and/or soft tissues (meninges, brain tissues, nerves, blood vessels). By the nature of the injury, there are closed and open, penetrating and non-penetrating TBI, as well as concussion or brain injury. The clinical picture of a traumatic brain injury depends on its nature and…
Neurocysticercosis is a parasitic lesion of the brain that develops when pig tapeworm larvae enter the human body. Focal epileptic seizures, intracranial hypertension with crises, and mental abnormalities are clinically noted. A slight neurological deficit is possible. The diagnosis is established by ophthalmoscopy, blood and cerebrospinal fluid examination, cerebral CT or MRI, electroencephalography. Treatment is…
Gliomatosis cerebri is a diffuse infiltration of the brain by atypical glial cells, covering more than two brain lobes. Typical clinical symptoms are spastic paresis, progressive cognitive decline, epileptic seizures, cephalgia, cerebellar syndrome, cranial nerve dysfunction. The necessary diagnostic tests include brain MRI, electroencephalography and cerebral biopsy. Treatment is carried out by combining courses of…
Cerebral vasculitis is a disease caused by an inflammatory process in the wall of cerebral vessels. Occurs mostly secondarily. Manifestations are variable: encephalopathy, paresis, mental disorders, epileptic seizures, fainting, visual disorders, hearing loss, ataxia. Diagnosis is based on clinical data, neurological status data, MRI results, cerebral angiography, cerebrospinal fluid examination, blood biochemistry. Treatment is carried…
Central pontine myelinolysis is an acute limited non—inflammatory demyelination in the middle part of the base of the bridge of the brain. It occurs as a result of incorrect correction of hyponatremia, which develops with impaired liver and kidney function, chronic alcoholism, and some hormonal disorders. It is manifested by central tetraparesis, pseudobulbar syndrome, pathological…
Chronic cerebral ischemia is a cerebrovascular insufficiency caused by progressive deterioration of blood supply to brain tissue. The clinical picture of chronic cerebral ischemia consists of headaches, dizziness, decreased cognitive functions, emotional lability, motor and coordination disorders. The diagnosis is made on the basis of symptoms and data of the cerebral vascular ultrasound / ultrasound,…
Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) is an acquired lesion of the peripheral nervous system of an autoimmune nature. In the classical version, it is manifested by a typical clinic of symmetrical sensorimotor polyneuropathy with slow monotonous or stepwise progress. CIDP is diagnosed according to clinical data, ENMG criteria, MRI results of the spine or ultrasound…
Huntington’s disease is a hereditary, slowly progressive disease of the nervous system characterized by choreic hyperkinesis, mental disorders and progressive dementia. The disease is diagnosed using molecular genetic analysis and brain tomography. No etiotropic treatment has been developed. Patients receive symptomatic therapy aimed at suppressing hyperkinesis. The prognosis is unfavorable. ICD 10 G10 Huntington’s disease General information…
Funicular myelosis is a lesion of the spinal cord that develops due to vitamin B12 deficiency. As a rule, it is combined with pernicious anemia. It is manifested by a disorder of deep sensitivity, motor disorders in the form of sluggish lower paralysis with pyramidal signs, deviations in the mental sphere. Funicular myelosis is diagnosed…
Focal cortical dysplasia is an anomaly of the structure of the cerebral cortex, affecting its limited area. Clinically manifested by focal motor epiprimes with loss of consciousness, but of short duration. It is diagnosed by a neurologist or epileptologist according to EEG data, specially conducted MR scanning, subdural electrocorticography, PET of the brain. As a…