Peripheral nerve injury are different in the mechanism of damage to the nerve trunks of the peripheral nervous system. They are manifested by pain syndrome and symptoms of a decrease or loss of motor, sensory, autonomic and trophic nerve function distal to the injury site. Peripheral nerve injury is diagnosed based on the results of neurological…
Torsion dystonia is a progressive neurological disease, the main syndrome of which is uncontrolled tonic contractions of various muscle groups, leading to the development of pathological poses. It is accompanied by various variants of hyperkinesis, can lead to curvature of the spine and joint contractures. Diagnosis is based on the exclusion of other pathology and…
Toxic encephalopathy is a combination of neurological disorders caused by exposure to toxins, poisons or industrial chemicals. Clinical manifestations are diverse, depend on the etiological factor, may include atactic and convulsive syndrome, hallucinations, speech, vision, hearing and cognitive disorders, lesions of cranial nerves, specific skin manifestations. The diagnosis uses anamnesis data, the results of a…
Thyrotropinoma is a benign neoplasm of the pituitary gland that produces thyroid—stimulating hormone. It is manifested by symptoms of hyperthyroidism, ophthalmic disorders, intracranial hypertension, secondary hypopituitarism. Diagnosis is carried out according to anamnesis, hormonal examination, visometry, perimetry, brain MRI, ultrasound of thyroid tissue. Conservative therapy includes the appointment of thyrotropin secretion inhibitors. Surgical treatment consists…
Thalamic pain syndrome is a central pain syndrome provoked by damage to the thalamus. The immediate cause of the disease is vascular lesion, which causes infarction of the ventroposteriomedial and ventroposteriolateral thalamic nuclei. Pathology is manifested by severe pain and sensitivity disorders on the side opposite to the affected area in the brain. Diagnosis includes…
Subdural empyema is an infectious lesion of the central nervous system, characterized by the accumulation of purulent exudate in a limited space between the hard and soft cerebral membranes. It appears with headache, vomiting, progressive disorder of consciousness, focal neurological deficit (hemiparesis, cranial nerve dysfunction, aphasia), epiprimes. Subdural empyema is diagnosed mainly with the help…
Subdural hygroma is a local excessive accumulation of clear or blood—impurity cerebrospinal fluid in the gap between the dura and arachnoid cerebral membranes. Hygroma can be traumatic, spontaneous and iatrogenic. General cerebral symptoms prevail in the clinic, focal deficiency is moderately pronounced. Diagnosis includes X—ray of the skull, assessment of neurological status, MRI or CT…
Subdural hematoma is a limited intracranial accumulation of blood localized between the dura and arachnoid meninges. In most cases, it is a consequence of injury. It is manifested by variable in form and duration disorders of consciousness and psyche, headache, vomiting, focal neurological deficiency (mydriasis, hemiparesis, extrapyramidal disorders). CT or MRI data play a crucial…
Subarachnoid hemorrhage is a condition caused by cerebral bleeding, in which blood accumulates in the subarachnoid space of the cerebral membranes. It is characterized by intense and sharp headache, short-term loss of consciousness and confusion in combination with hyperthermia and meningeal symptom complex. It is diagnosed according to CT and angiography of the brain; if…
Brain stem stroke is an acute violation of cerebral circulation of an ischemic or hemorrhagic nature, covering the brain stem. Pathology is characterized by polymorphism of symptoms, accompanied by motor, sensory disorders, impaired cranial nerve function, vestibulo-atactic syndrome. Extensive strokes with damage to vital centers due to high mortality have an extremely unfavorable prognosis. Pathological…