The field of study of endocrinology is the medical aspects of the structure and functioning of the endocrine glands (or endocrine glands), the study of biologically highly active substances produced by them – hormones and their effects on the body, as well as diseases arising from a violation of the activity of these glands or hormone production.Endocrinology is most closely connected with almost all areas of clinical medicine, because hormones control the most important processes occurring in the body: growth, maturation, reproduction, metabolism, proper functioning of organs and systems.
Modern trends in endocrinology are neuroendocrinology, which studies the relationship between nervous and endocrine regulation of the body, and gynecological endocrinology, which deals with the correction of hormonal disorders in the female body.
The endocrine system combines anatomically unrelated endocrine glands: the epiphysis, pituitary gland, parathyroid glands, thyroid gland, thymus gland, pancreas, adrenal glands, sex glands. Most diseases of the endocrine glands cause severe violations of vital functions, not excluding death, if you do not consult an endocrinologist in time.
The most urgent problems of modern endocrinology are the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of thyroid diseases (diffuse toxic goiter, thyroiditis, hypothyroidism, thyroid cysts), diabetes mellitus, diseases of the hypothalamic-pituitary system (acromegaly, gigantism, hypothalamic syndrome, diabetes insipidus, lactation problems, prolactinoma), diseases of the adrenal glands (adrenal insufficiency, adrenal tumors), disorders of the genital glands (endocrine infertility). Today, thanks to the accumulated endocrinology knowledge and practical experience, it is possible to significantly improve the quality of life of patients with endocrine pathology.
Environmental degradation, stress, unbalanced nutrition, burdened heredity often cause disorders in the work of the endocrine glands and lead to the development of endocrine diseases. Diseases of the endocrine system, as a rule, are of a long, severe nature. Therefore, it is important to prevent their occurrence in time, to identify them as early as possible or to prevent the development of their complications.
An appeal to an endocrinologist is necessary if:
For the diagnosis of endocrine pathology, a comprehensive examination is used, including the study of the patient’s anamnesis, tests for the content of various hormones, ultrasound of the glands, magnetic resonance imaging. Based on the data obtained, the issue of further conservative or surgical treatment is being resolved.
Treatment of endocrine diseases is aimed at correcting hormonal disorders, achieving stable remission of the pathological process and restoring the normal quality of life of the patient.
In the Medical Directory of Diseases on the website “Medic Journal” you will get acquainted with the characteristic features of endocrine diseases. On the website “Medic Journal” you will get all the necessary information about existing methods of prevention.
Prediabetes is a borderline condition between diabetes and normal sugar absorption, characterized by a decrease in insulin production and/or a decrease in the susceptibility of the body’s cells to insulin. The main symptoms are increased thirst, frequent urge to urinate, sharp weight loss, cramps at night, insomnia, hot flashes, migraine, itchy skin. The diagnosis of…
Postpartum thyroiditis is a transient inflammatory disease of the thyroid gland that develops within a year after childbirth. The basic symptoms are fatigue, the formation of a painless goiter, a reduction in breast milk volume, dry skin, increased hair loss, depression. The thyrotoxicosis phase is accompanied by muscle weakness, irritability, palpitations, tremor, weight loss, diarrhea;…
Subacute thyroiditis is an infectious granulomatous thyroid disease with destruction of thyrocytes. It is manifested by pain in the front of the neck, localized in a limited area or radiating into the ears, lower jaw, nape. The infectious process leads to the development of fever with moderate hyperthermia. When the follicles rupture, iodine-containing hormones enter…
Pancreatogenic diabetes mellitus is an endocrine disease that occurs against the background of a primary lesion of the pancreas of various genesis (more often, chronic pancreatitis). It is manifested by dyspeptic disorders (heartburn, diarrhea, periodic epigastric pain) and the gradual development of hyperglycemia. Diagnosis is based on the study of the glycemic profile, blood test,…
Pangypopituitarism is a functional insufficiency of the adenohypophysis, characterized by a persistent deficiency of all tropic hormones and hypofunction of the peripheral endocrine glands. With pangypopituitarism, there is a delay in growth and development in children, sharp weight loss, severe weakness, sexual dysfunction, signs of hypothyroidism and hypocorticism, neuropsychiatric disorders, pituitary coma. Diagnosis of panhypopituitarism…
Obesity is excess fat deposits in subcutaneous tissue, organs and tissues. It is manifested by an increase in body weight by 20 percent or more of the average values due to adipose tissue. It causes psycho-physical discomfort, causes sexual disorders, diseases of the spine and joints. Increases the risk of atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, hypertension,…
Diabetes insipidus is a disease that develops when there is insufficient release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) or a decrease in the sensitivity of the renal tissue to its action. As a result, there is a significant increase in the amount of fluid released from the urine, there is an unquenchable feeling of thirst. If fluid…
Adrenal insufficiency is a disease that occurs due to insufficient hormonal secretion of the adrenal cortex (primary) or the hypothalamic–pituitary system regulating them (secondary adrenal insufficiency). It is manifested by characteristic bronze pigmentation of the skin and mucous membranes, severe weakness, vomiting, diarrhea, a tendency to fainting. It leads to a disorder of water-electrolyte metabolism…
Myxedema is an endocrine disease that develops with a decrease or complete cessation of the intake of thyroid hormones into the blood. It is an extreme, clinically pronounced form of hypothyroidism. It is characterized by mucous edema of the skin and subcutaneous tissue, most noticeable on the face and neck. Puffiness is manifested by swelling…
Metabolic syndrome is a symptom complex manifested by a violation of the metabolism of fats and carbohydrates, an increase in blood pressure. Patients develop hypertension, obesity, insulin resistance and ischemia of the heart muscle. Diagnostics includes examination by an endocrinologist, determination of body mass index and waist circumference, assessment of the lipid spectrum, blood glucose.…
