Urology as a field of medical science is engaged in the study of the urinary and related human reproductive system, the physiological and pathological processes occurring in them, diagnosis, prevention and treatment of diseases of the genitourinary organs (urethra, bladder, ureters, kidneys, male genitalia). The sphere of interests of urology as a science intersects with other areas of clinical medicine: gynecology, andrology, venereology, nephrology, surgery. A urologist is engaged in the treatment and prevention of pathology of the genitourinary system of men and women.
Urological diseases of men, women, children and the elderly have their own peculiarities of development and course, which is explained by the anatomical, physiological and age characteristics of their organisms. Among the pathology of the male genitourinary system, inflammatory processes (orchitis and epididymitis, urethritis, balanoposthitis, prostatitis, cystitis), prostate adenoma, sexual infections are more common. Female urological diseases are urethritis, cystitis, sexually transmitted infections and their consequences. Both men and women have urolithiasis, pyelonephritis, tumors of the genitourinary organs, chronic renal failure. In childhood, congenital anomalies of the genitourinary system, cystitis and enuresis are more common. In elderly people, urinary incontinence and tumor formations come to the fore among urological problems.
The most common manifestations of diseases of the genitourinary system are disorders of urination (increased frequency or delay), pain in the lumbar region, in the genital area, burning and itching of the genitals, pathological discharge from the urethra, disorder of sexual function, changes in the amount or color of urine, edema.
Diseases of the genitourinary system are by no means harmless. Their consequences lead to the development of chronic foci of infection, impotence, infertility, the need for a donor kidney transplant and even death. For a man, a urologist is as important a doctor as a gynecologist is for a woman. Therefore, regardless of complaints, visits to the urologist should be regular, at least 1-2 times a year.
Modern diagnostic capabilities of urology are very great. Laboratory methods of urine and urethral discharge, ultrasound and X-ray diagnostics, endoscopic (urethroscopy and cystoscopy), instrumental (puncture biopsy, catheterization, augmentation), measuring diagnostic methods (cystometry, urofluometry), etc. are used.
Treatment of urogenital pathology has its own specific features. Since many urological diseases are sexually transmitted, both sexual partners need to undergo appropriate treatment. Diseases of the genitourinary system are an intimate sphere of human life, therefore, the doctor is required to show maximum delicacy and psychological support for patients in their treatment. Urological diseases affect the sexual function of men and women, so their adequate and timely treatment allows you to preserve sexual health and family well-being. Surgical treatment of urological problems can be aimed not only at normalizing the work of the genitourinary apparatus, but also at aesthetic correction, which allows patients to get rid of many psychological complexes.
In the heading “Urological diseases” of the Medical Directory of Diseases on the website “Medic Journal” you will find a description of the most common diseases of the genitourinary system, which will allow you to seek qualified medical care in a timely manner.
Candidal balanoposthitis is an inflammation of the glans penis and foreskin caused by opportunistic fungi of the genus Candida. Microtrauma of the external genitalia, metabolic and immune disorders, prolonged antibiotic therapy contribute to the development of the disease. Fungal balanoposthitis is manifested by itching and burning in the intimate area, swelling of the foreskin, painful…
Ureterolithiasis are a manifestation of urolithiasis, characterized by the migration of concretion from the renal pelvis to the excretory duct, less often by the primary formation of concretions in the ureter. Disease most often cause the development of renal colic – severe pain syndrome, dysuric disorders, oliguria, hematuria. Diagnosis of a stone in the ureter…
Urethral stone are a manifestation of urolithiasis, characterized by the presence of concretions in the urethra. The presence of stones in the urethra can cause pain, difficulty urinating up to its acute delay, weakening or changing the shape of the urine stream. Diagnosis of urethral concretions includes palpatory examination (including rectal, vaginal), urethroscopy, urethral canal…
Bladder stones are a manifestation of urolithiasis characterized by the presence of saline or calcified concretions in the bladder cavity. Pathology is characterized by pain syndrome, urination disorders, the presence of blood in the urine. The disease is diagnosed according to the results of ultrasound of the urinary tract, general urinalysis, cystoscopy, cystography. The main…
Kidney stones are a manifestation of urolithiasis, characterized by the formation of salt concretions (stones) in the kidneys. Accompanied by aching pain in the lower back, attacks of renal colic, hematuria, pyuria. Diagnosis requires CT and ultrasound of the kidneys, excretory urography, radioisotope nephroscintigraphy, examination of biochemical parameters of urine and blood. Treatment of kidney…
Calculous pyelonephritis is an inflammatory lesion of the calyx-pelvic system of the kidneys, initiated or supported by stone formation. Symptoms include lumbar pain, weakness, in acute form – hyperthermia with chills, dysuria. The diagnosis is based on laboratory research methods: urine test, blood test, chemical analysis of the stone. Of the instrumental methods, ultrasound of…
Ischemic nephropathy is a pathological decrease in the activity of the excretory system due to impaired blood supply to the kidneys. The symptoms of pathology depend on its form and range from a sluggish increase in signs of CRF to acute and rapidly progressive renal failure. Diagnostics is based on the data of laboratory tests…
Renal infarction is a rare nephrological disease caused by embolism of the arterial vessels of the organ, followed by necrosis of its tissues and impaired functional activity. Symptoms depend on the volume of the lesion, range from a complete absence of manifestations to severe lower back pain, hematuria, kidney failure, and an increase in blood…
Interstitial cystitis is a chronic progressive inflammation of the bladder of non—infectious origin. It is manifested by pelvic pain, pollakiuria, nocturia, imperative urge to urinate, dyspareunia. It is diagnosed using cystometry, cystoscopy with hydrobugging, potassium test taking into account the results of a general urine analysis. Antihistamines, tricyclic antidepressants, synthetic mucopolysaccharides, intravesical instillations of cytoprotectors,…
Interstitial nephritis is an acute or chronic non—purulent inflammation of the stroma and tubules of the kidneys caused by a hyperergic immune response. It is manifested by lower back pain, impaired diuresis (oligoanuria, polyuria), intoxication syndrome. It is diagnosed with the help of general and biochemical analyses of urine, blood, ultrasound of the kidneys, determination…
