Urology as a field of medical science is engaged in the study of the urinary and related human reproductive system, the physiological and pathological processes occurring in them, diagnosis, prevention and treatment of diseases of the genitourinary organs (urethra, bladder, ureters, kidneys, male genitalia). The sphere of interests of urology as a science intersects with other areas of clinical medicine: gynecology, andrology, venereology, nephrology, surgery. A urologist is engaged in the treatment and prevention of pathology of the genitourinary system of men and women.
Urological diseases of men, women, children and the elderly have their own peculiarities of development and course, which is explained by the anatomical, physiological and age characteristics of their organisms. Among the pathology of the male genitourinary system, inflammatory processes (orchitis and epididymitis, urethritis, balanoposthitis, prostatitis, cystitis), prostate adenoma, sexual infections are more common. Female urological diseases are urethritis, cystitis, sexually transmitted infections and their consequences. Both men and women have urolithiasis, pyelonephritis, tumors of the genitourinary organs, chronic renal failure. In childhood, congenital anomalies of the genitourinary system, cystitis and enuresis are more common. In elderly people, urinary incontinence and tumor formations come to the fore among urological problems.
The most common manifestations of diseases of the genitourinary system are disorders of urination (increased frequency or delay), pain in the lumbar region, in the genital area, burning and itching of the genitals, pathological discharge from the urethra, disorder of sexual function, changes in the amount or color of urine, edema.
Diseases of the genitourinary system are by no means harmless. Their consequences lead to the development of chronic foci of infection, impotence, infertility, the need for a donor kidney transplant and even death. For a man, a urologist is as important a doctor as a gynecologist is for a woman. Therefore, regardless of complaints, visits to the urologist should be regular, at least 1-2 times a year.
Modern diagnostic capabilities of urology are very great. Laboratory methods of urine and urethral discharge, ultrasound and X-ray diagnostics, endoscopic (urethroscopy and cystoscopy), instrumental (puncture biopsy, catheterization, augmentation), measuring diagnostic methods (cystometry, urofluometry), etc. are used.
Treatment of urogenital pathology has its own specific features. Since many urological diseases are sexually transmitted, both sexual partners need to undergo appropriate treatment. Diseases of the genitourinary system are an intimate sphere of human life, therefore, the doctor is required to show maximum delicacy and psychological support for patients in their treatment. Urological diseases affect the sexual function of men and women, so their adequate and timely treatment allows you to preserve sexual health and family well-being. Surgical treatment of urological problems can be aimed not only at normalizing the work of the genitourinary apparatus, but also at aesthetic correction, which allows patients to get rid of many psychological complexes.
In the heading “Urological diseases” of the Medical Directory of Diseases on the website “Medic Journal” you will find a description of the most common diseases of the genitourinary system, which will allow you to seek qualified medical care in a timely manner.
Foreign body in urethra is an object that enters the urethra as a result of injection for the purpose of sexual satisfaction, with some medical manipulations, in the case of mental disorders. The symptoms of the pathological condition are reduced to pain during urination and sexual arousal (in men), burning, with the development of the…
Foreign body in bladder is a foreign object that has entered the bladder cavity retrograde, descending or through damaged walls. There may be pain in the lower abdomen, dysuria, hematuria, pyuria; sometimes alkaline cystitis, pyelonephritis, urolithiasis develops, fistula formation is observed. The diagnosis is confirmed by ultrasound examination of the bladder, examination cystoscopy and radiopaque…
Encrusting cystitis is an inflammatory process in the bladder, accompanied by parietal deposition of salts formed during the cleavage of urea by urease–producing corynebacteria. The course of the disease is characterized by suprapubic pains, frequent painful urination, hematuria, discharge of small salt crystals with urine. Diagnostic tests include urine tests, cystoscopy with biopsy, ultrasound, cystography,…
Renal granular cell carcinoma is a histological form of renal cell carcinoma developing from the parenchyma of the organ. It is manifested by renal (hematuria, pain, palpable tumor) and extrarenal (fever, weakness, weight loss, etc.) symptoms. The diagnosis is established on the basis of ultrasound of the kidneys, excretory urography, angiography, MRI, CT, radioisotope scintigraphy. Treatment…
Cardiorenal syndrome is a complex of changes in the structure of kidney tissues that develops against the background of circulatory insufficiency, including venous hyperemia and dystrophy of convoluted tubules. The severity of symptoms correlates with the degree of circulatory disorders. For the obvious stage, a decrease in daily diuresis, a predominance of nocturnal urination over…
Urinary retention is a pathological condition characterized by a violation or impossibility of normal emptying of the bladder. Symptoms are pain in the pubic region and lower abdomen, very strong persistent urge to urinate and the resulting psychomotor agitation of the patient, a noticeable weakening of urine excretion or its absence. Diagnosis is based on…
Benign bladder tumors are a group of epithelial and non–epithelial neoplasms originating from various layers of the bladder wall and growing inside its cavity. Neoplasia can be manifested by hematuria of varying intensity, frequent urination and false urges, soreness. Diagnosis requires ultrasound, cystoscopy with biopsy, descending cystography. Treatment for benign tumors is surgical – transurethral…
Ectopic kidney is a congenital disorder of the topography of the kidney, in which the organ may be located low, displaced into the pelvic cavity, sacroiliac region, chest, etc. There may be pain in the lower back or abdomen, dysuric and digestive disorders, as well as urolithiasis, pyelonephritis, hydronephrosis. Pathology is diagnosed by ultrasound of…
Urethral diverticulum is a sac–like depression in the wall of the urethra, communicating with it through a narrow neck. Clinical manifestations of urethral diverticulum include dysuria, urine leakage after urination, dyspareunia. Diagnosis is based on the data of urethral palpation, urethroscopy, miction and retrograde cystourethrography. In women, differentiation with gynecological pathology is carried out. Treatment…
Bladder diverticulum is a sac–like depression in the wall of the bladder, which communicates with the main cavity of the organ through the channel – the neck of the diverticulum. The disease is manifested by difficulty urinating, carried out in two doses; it can be complicated by the development of cystitis, urolithiasis, pyelonephritis. Disease is…
