Urology as a field of medical science is engaged in the study of the urinary and related human reproductive system, the physiological and pathological processes occurring in them, diagnosis, prevention and treatment of diseases of the genitourinary organs (urethra, bladder, ureters, kidneys, male genitalia). The sphere of interests of urology as a science intersects with other areas of clinical medicine: gynecology, andrology, venereology, nephrology, surgery. A urologist is engaged in the treatment and prevention of pathology of the genitourinary system of men and women.
Urological diseases of men, women, children and the elderly have their own peculiarities of development and course, which is explained by the anatomical, physiological and age characteristics of their organisms. Among the pathology of the male genitourinary system, inflammatory processes (orchitis and epididymitis, urethritis, balanoposthitis, prostatitis, cystitis), prostate adenoma, sexual infections are more common. Female urological diseases are urethritis, cystitis, sexually transmitted infections and their consequences. Both men and women have urolithiasis, pyelonephritis, tumors of the genitourinary organs, chronic renal failure. In childhood, congenital anomalies of the genitourinary system, cystitis and enuresis are more common. In elderly people, urinary incontinence and tumor formations come to the fore among urological problems.
The most common manifestations of diseases of the genitourinary system are disorders of urination (increased frequency or delay), pain in the lumbar region, in the genital area, burning and itching of the genitals, pathological discharge from the urethra, disorder of sexual function, changes in the amount or color of urine, edema.
Diseases of the genitourinary system are by no means harmless. Their consequences lead to the development of chronic foci of infection, impotence, infertility, the need for a donor kidney transplant and even death. For a man, a urologist is as important a doctor as a gynecologist is for a woman. Therefore, regardless of complaints, visits to the urologist should be regular, at least 1-2 times a year.
Modern diagnostic capabilities of urology are very great. Laboratory methods of urine and urethral discharge, ultrasound and X-ray diagnostics, endoscopic (urethroscopy and cystoscopy), instrumental (puncture biopsy, catheterization, augmentation), measuring diagnostic methods (cystometry, urofluometry), etc. are used.
Treatment of urogenital pathology has its own specific features. Since many urological diseases are sexually transmitted, both sexual partners need to undergo appropriate treatment. Diseases of the genitourinary system are an intimate sphere of human life, therefore, the doctor is required to show maximum delicacy and psychological support for patients in their treatment. Urological diseases affect the sexual function of men and women, so their adequate and timely treatment allows you to preserve sexual health and family well-being. Surgical treatment of urological problems can be aimed not only at normalizing the work of the genitourinary apparatus, but also at aesthetic correction, which allows patients to get rid of many psychological complexes.
In the heading “Urological diseases” of the Medical Directory of Diseases on the website “Medic Journal” you will find a description of the most common diseases of the genitourinary system, which will allow you to seek qualified medical care in a timely manner.

Medullary Sponge Kidney

Medullary sponge kidney is a congenital multicystic deformity of the collecting renal tubules of the Malpighian pyramids, giving the renal tissue the appearance of a finely porous sponge. With the development of complications of the medullary sponge kidney (nephrocalcinosis and pyelonephritis), renal colic, hematuria, and pyuria are observed. Pathology is detected with excretory urography, retrograde…

Glomerulonephritis

Glomerulonephritis is an immune–inflammatory kidney disease. Affects mainly the renal glomeruli. To a lesser extent, interstitial tissue and kidney tubules are involved in the process. Disease occurs as an independent disease or develops with some systemic pathologies. The clinical picture consists of urinary, edematous and hypertensive syndromes. Diagnostic value has the data of urine tests,…

Hypertensive Nephropathy

Hypertensive nephropathy is a group of pathological conditions united by a combination of persistent increase in blood pressure and damage to the excretory system up to the development of chronic renal failure. Manifestations depend on the form of pathology, usually there are symptoms of hypertension (cardialgia, headache, cardiac arrhythmias) and abnormalities of water-salt metabolism (changes…

Hypernephroma

Hypernephroma is a malignant epithelial tumor of the kidney, a type of renal cell carcinoma. It is manifested by local and paraplastic (general) symptoms: macrohematuria, pain in the kidney area, palpable tumor-like formation, deterioration of the general condition, weakness, weight loss, etc. Excretory urography, retrograde pyelography, renal angiography, kidney ultrasound, CT and MRI, fine needle…

Overactive Bladder in Women

Overactive bladder in women is a syndrome characterized by a sudden need to urinate, involuntary discharge of urine, frequent urge to urinate, including at night (nocturia). Sometimes symptoms occur in isolation. Diagnosis is based on ultrasound data of the bladder, kidneys, cystoscopy, urodynamic studies; to exclude the infectious and inflammatory process, blood test. Treatment is…

Hydroureteronephrosis

Hydroureteronephrosis is a hydronephrotic transformation of the kidney with the expansion of the ureter and the development of hypotrophy or atrophy of the renal parenchyma against the background of impaired urodynamics and hemocirculation. The symptoms depend on the severity of the pathology. There may be an asymptomatic course or the appearance of pain in the…

Hydroureter

Hydroureter is a pathological condition that develops with any obstruction to the outflow of urine distal to the renal pelvis, causing the ureter to overflow with fluid with its expansion. Symptoms depend on the location of the obstruction, include pain in the projection of the kidney, groin and lower abdomen. The diagnosis is confirmed by…

Hydronephrosis

Hydronephrosis is a progressive expansion of the calyx-pelvic complex with subsequent atrophy of the renal parenchyma, developing due to a violation of the outflow of urine from the kidney. It is manifested by pain in the lower back (aching or by the type of renal colic), hematuria, painful frequent urination, arterial hypertension. Diagnosis may require…

Hemorrhagic Cystitis

Hemorrhagic cystitis is an inflammatory process of the bladder, which is accompanied by micro– or macrohematuria, of various etiologies. It occurs more often in women. It proceeds with frequent and urgent urges, pain during infection, the presence of bloody impurities (including in the form of clots) in the urine. The diagnosis is confirmed clinically and…

Urethral Prolapse

Urethral prolapse is a pathological condition characterized by the exit of a fold of the mucous membrane from the opening of the urethra. Symptoms of pathology are disorders of urination (difficulty or, conversely, incontinence), the presence of a visible formation protruding from the urethra, rarely – hematuria. Diagnosis is made on the basis of general…